机器轰鸣与乡村挽歌：乔治·艾略特小说中的工业化与社会变迁

The Roar of Machines and the Elegy of the Countryside: Industrialization and Social Transformation in George Eliot’s Novels

摘要: 文章以维多利亚时期英国工业化进程为历史语境，聚焦乔治·艾略特小说中工业化与社会变迁的复杂纠葛。工业化是经济现代化的驱动力量，冲击着乡村共同体这一核心议题。艾略特借助现实主义叙事，深入考察工业化对乡村社会结构、传统道德体系产生的影响，记叙了维多利亚时代英国社会转型的鲜活图景，以文学之思对工业现代性展开了深刻反思，在叙事层面参与了英国国家身份在现代化进程中的重构。文章认为，艾略特的小说呈现了工业化对经济转型、社会流动的促进作用，也揭示了其加速乡村共同体解体、引发价值失序的深层危机。

Abstract: Set against the historical backdrop of Britain’s industrialization during the Victorian era, this article focuses on the complex entanglement of industrialization and social transformation in George Eliot’s novels. As a driving force of economic modernization, industrialization profoundly disrupted the rural community, a central concern in Eliot’s fiction. Through realist narration, Eliot closely examines the impact of industrialization on the social structure of rural communities and on traditional moral systems, presenting a vivid literary account of Britain’s social transformation in the Victorian period. Her novels offer a profound reflection on industrial modernity and, at the level of narrative, participate in the reconstruction of British national identity in the course of modernization. This article argues that Eliot’s novels not only portray the role of industrialization in promoting economic transformation and social mobility, but also expose the deeper crises it generated by accelerating the disintegration of rural communities and destabilizing established systems of values.