亨利·詹姆斯《螺丝在拧紧》中的文学印象主义

Literary Impressionism in Henry James’ The Turn of the Screw

摘要: 充满悬疑的作品——《螺丝在拧紧》是亨利·詹姆斯创作后期的代表作。作为印象派两次革新的经历者，詹姆斯因在其作品中多次巧妙化用印象派技巧，被誉为欧美印象主义小说的先驱。自发表以来，《螺丝在拧紧》就因悬念丛生而引起了不同时代读者的关注，而作品中印象主义的加持更使得作品摆脱了对超自然恐怖现象的直白渲染，突破了传统哥特悬疑小说的撰写方式。因此，文章将从文学印象主义视角切入，从内容与形式两个方面分析《螺丝在拧紧》中的印象主义特点，探究“小说即印象”的创作观在作品中的实践。小说对光与色的巧妙运用、对瞬间印象的捕捉以及叙述的模糊性都展现了印象的动态性，揭示了布莱庄园一系列经历的不确定性和多元性。詹姆斯在这部作品中对印象主义的再尝试，既是对其自身写作技巧的再凝练，也是对恐怖美学的新实践。

Abstract: Brimming with suspense, The Turn of the Screw is a representative work of Henry James. As a witness to the two revolutions of Impressionism, James is hailed as a pioneer of impressionist novels for his ingenious application of impressionist techniques. Since its publication, this work has attracted the attention of readers of different eras as it is abundant in suspense. Moreover, the impressionist elements in this work have also allowed it to escape the straightforward depiction of supernatural phenomena, breaking through the traditional style of Gothic suspense novels. Therefore, this paper will analyze the impressionist characteristics in The Turn of the Screw from the perspective of Literary Impressionism, focusing on both content and form to explore the practice of the view—“the novel is an impression” in the work. The brilliant use of light and color, the capture of fleeting impressions, and the ambiguity of the narration all demonstrate the dynamism of impressions, revealing the uncertainty and diversity of Bly. And it can be said that James’ adoption of impressionism in this work is both a refinement of his own writing techniques as well as a new exploration of the aesthetics of horror.