多重非线性抛物方程组解的爆破
Blowup of Solutions for a Class of Doubly Nonlinear Parabolic Equations
摘要: 本文研究了一类多重非线性抛物方程组解的爆破,利用修正的Levine凸性方法,对齐次Dirichlet边界和非线性项和初始条件的适当条件下,给出了解爆破时间的充分条件。
Abstract: This paper is concerned with a class of doubly nonlinear parabolic systems. Under the homogeneous Dirichlet conditions and suitable conditions on the nonlinearity and certain initial datum, a sufficient condition for finite time blowup of its solution in a bounded domain is gave by using a modification of Levine’s concavity method.
文章引用:苏璟, 齐龙飞, 呼青英. 多重非线性抛物方程组解的爆破[J]. 理论数学, 2015, 5(2): 59-65. http://dx.doi.org/10.12677/PM.2015.52009

1. 引言

本文研究如下非线性抛物方程组解的爆破性

(1.1)

(1.2)

(1.3)

(1.4)

其中上的有界区域且有光滑边界上的Laplace 算子,为以后给定的函数。

型如(1.1)的单个多重非线性抛物方程

(1.5)

就是经典的所谓双非线性抛物方程,这类方程可以描述诸多化学反应、热传导过程和种群动力学过程(详细见文献[1] )。方程(1.5)的初值问题或初边值问题已经有许多文献研究其局部和整体可解性[2] -[6] ,文献[7] -[12] 则研究了其整体吸引子的存在性和正则性。最近几十年,该类非线性抛物方程的爆破问题吸引了许多人的注意,基于Levine [13] [14] 凸性方法这一开创性的证明爆破的结果,Iami和Mochizuki [15] 则给出了方程(1.5)带Neumann初边值问题解爆破的充分条件,该凸性方法还被Levine [16] [17] 用于如下渗流方程

(1.6)

Sacks [18] 研究了如下包含方程解的爆破问题

(1.7)

Zhang [19] 和Ding和Guo [20] -[22] 通过构造适当的辅助函数,利用一阶微分不等式考虑了下面带梯度项和Neumann (或Robin)初边值问题解的爆破条件

(1.8)

Korpusou和Sveshnikov [23] [24] 给出了如下方程初边值问题弱解爆破的充分条件

(1.9)

最后,还应提及Ouardi和 Hachimi [25] [26] 研究了如下多重非线性抛物方程组

得到了其整体吸引子的存在性和正则性以及Hausdorff维数估计。

本文用修正的Levine凸性方法证明问题(1.1)~(1.4)的解在有限时刻爆破,该方法比原始的Levine凸性方法更简洁,其基本技巧是Korpousov [24] 给出的一个微分不等式,本文把[24] 的方法用于多重非线性抛物方程组。据作者所知,关于多重非线性抛物方程组的爆破问题的研究还比较少。本文的安排如下:第二节将给出一些假设和基本引理,第三节给出主要结果和证明。

2. 假设和基本引理

本文用表示通常的Soblev空间,其范数分别记为,特别是当时,记,这些符号的含义和记法同文献[2] 。

本文始终假设。关于非线性项,的假设如下:

(A1),存在函数使得

且存在常数使得

,

其中,时,时。

注:满足条件(A1)的函数是存在的。事实上,一个典型的例子是取

,即

,

,

这时,,其中,。该例的详细情况可见文献[27] 。

利用Galerkin方法,结合单调性理论和紧性方法[2] ,类似文献[24] 可得问题(1.1)~(1.4)解的局部存在性。

定理2.1:假设条件(A1)成立,,则问题(1.1)~(1.4)存在弱解,即,存在使得

, ,.

且对任意成立:

以及

下面给出本文的基本引理。

引理2.2 [13] [24] [28] :设是R上非负二次连续可导函数且满足不等式

其中为常数。若,则必存在时刻,使当时有,其中

3. 主要结果及证明

首先引入泛函

(3.1)

(3.2)

(3.3)

(3.4)

现给出主要引理。

引理3.1:对任意,下面不等式成立

(3.5)

证明 注意到

(3.6)

而由Holder不等式得

(3.7)

(3.8)

(3.9)

(3.10)

考虑到(3.7)~(3.10),则由(3.6)得

再利用不等式

,

于是,引理得证。

下面,给出主要定理。

定理3.2:设定理2.1的条件成立, 且

(3.11)

则问题(1.1)~(1.4)的弱解必在某有限时刻爆破,即

证明:方程(1.1),(1.2)两边分别同乘,然后关于x积分并相加,得

(3.12)

方程(1.1),(1.2)两边分别同乘,然后关于x积分并相加,得

(3.13)

(3.13)关于t积分得

(3.14)

再利用条件(A1)得

(3.15)

(3.12)结合(3.15),并用到,得

(3.16)

注意到

(3.17)

利用引理3.1,得

(3.18)

其中

如果,由(3.1),(3.6)和(3.11)知

, ,

于是,由引理2.2得结论。如果,取,则(3.18)变为

于是,由标准的凸性引理得结论。

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