益生菌在老年胃肠功能紊乱患者中的应用研究进展

Research Progress on the Application of Probiotics in Elderly Patients with Gastrointestinal Disorders

摘要: 随着人口老龄化进程加快，老年人群胃肠功能紊乱问题突出，表现为功能性便秘、腹泻、腹胀、食欲不振等，严重影响生活质量，同时可能加重其他系统疾病。随着肠道微生态研究的不断深入，肠道菌群紊乱已被列为衰老的重要标志。老年人肠道菌群存在明显失衡，双歧杆菌、乳酸杆菌等有益菌数量大幅下降，而条件致病菌大量增殖。这种菌群老化现象，是导致肠屏障受损、免疫功能紊乱及炎症性老化的核心原因。益生菌作为调节肠道微生态的关键物质，可通过抑制有害菌增殖、修复肠黏膜屏障，有效改善老年胃肠功能紊乱，其临床应用价值备受学界关注。基于此，文章系统梳理益生菌在老年胃肠功能紊乱中的应用研究，分析其作用机制与临床疗效，为该疾病的临床治疗提供参考。

Abstract: With the acceleration of population aging, gastrointestinal dysfunction in the elderly has become prominent. Gastrointestinal dysfunction manifested as functional constipation, diarrhea, bloating, and poor appetite, which severely affected the quality of life and potentially exacerbated other systemic diseases. With the deepening of research on gut microbiota, dysbiosis has been identified as a key hallmark of aging. There was a significant imbalance in the gut microbiota of elderly people, with a marked decrease in beneficial bacteria such as bifidobacteria and lactobacilli and a marked proliferation of opportunistic pathogens. This microbial aging phenomenon was a core driver of intestinal barrier damage, immune dysfunction, and inflammatory aging. Probiotics, as key substances regulating the gut microbiota, can effectively improve gastrointestinal dysfunction in the elderly by inhibiting the proliferation of harmful bacteria and repairing the intestinal mucosal barrier. Their clinical application value has attracted much attention from researchers. Based on this, the application research on probiotics in elderly gastrointestinal dysfunction was systematically reviewed, and the mechanism of action and clinical efficacy were analyzed. This paper provided a reference for the clinical treatment of gastrointestinal functional disorders in elderly patients.