延长油田长6原油组分特征及其相互作用研究

Research on the Characteristics and the Interaction of Chang 6 Crude Oil from Yanchang Oilfield

摘要: 为了研究延长油田原油组分特征及其相互作用，利用柱层色谱分离法、热重法、傅里叶红外光谱、紫外光谱和偏光显微分析等表征方法及手段，对采自延长油田的长6原油样品进行了组分分离、分析并对其热重行为、饱和烃组分结蜡行为等进行了研究。结果表明，原油热重反应过程中，低温下主要是原油中轻、中组分(饱和烃、芳香烃)的物理蒸发，高温下主要是重组分(胶质沥青质)的物理蒸发及少量化学反应。偏光显微分析发现原油中的胶质、沥青质使饱和烃组分冷却结晶时的蜡晶颗粒数增多，分散度增大，尺寸相对减小，蜡晶的形状由针状、片状变为颗粒状，因而蜡晶之间的联结强度减弱，不易缔合形成大块蜡晶聚集体，说明原油各组分相互作用可以有效抑制蜡晶的长大析出。

Abstract: To study the characteristics of components of crude oil and the interactions, chromatogram sepa-ration, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Ultraviolet Spectroscopy (UV) and optical microscope methods were used to study the components, the thermal response process and the effect on the wax deposition behavior of Chang 6 crude oil from Yanchang oil field. The results in-dicated that aromatic hydrocarbons and saturated hydrocarbons will evaporate in low temperature while resin and asphaltene will evaporate and react in high temperature. The interaction between the components can inhibit precipitation of wax crystal effectively. When added different polarity components, the behaviors of saturated hydrocarbons are quite different from the crude oil. The optical microscope analysis showed that the addition of resin and asphaltene to saturated hydrocarbons can increase the number of wax crystal particles and decrease their dimensions during the cooling crystallization process, and also the body of wax crystal will change from acicular and flake to spherical which can prevent the particles from contacting and crosslinking each other to form bulk wax crystal aggregation.