一种永磁操作机构特征量自动采集测试系统设计

Design of an Automatic Feature Acquisition and Testing System for Permanent Magnet Operating Mechanism

摘要: 高压真空断路器作为电力系统中一种重要的开关器件，检测其机械特性和分合闸线圈电流能够及时发现断路器的潜在故障，为相关检修提供依据，保障电力系统的安全运行。文章针对传统永磁操作机构特性测试中存在的关键特征量缺失(如线圈操作电流、控制电压及电源状态等)、数据采集与整合依赖人工录入等问题，设计了一种永磁操作机构特征量自动采集测试系统。通过选择合适的传感器及相关硬件并设计配套硬件电路，实现了断路器的全自动控制、信息的全自动采集，有效提升了工作效率，减少了试验过程中的人为因素风险，增加了试验安全性。为验证测试系统性能，开展了正常分合闸行程特征量提取、控制电压变化下分合闸特征量提取，以及分合闸电流特征量提取三组测试。试验结果表明，该系统相较于传统永磁操作机构特征量采集，在稳定度、便捷性上有着良好的优越性，不仅提高了永磁操作机构特征量采集的效率，还可为永磁操作机构的研究及智能化监测提供数据支撑。

Abstract: As critical switching components in power systems, high-voltage vacuum circuit breakers can reveal potential faults by detecting their mechanical characteristics and the currents in the opening/closing coils, providing a basis for maintenance and ensuring the safe operation of power grids. Conventional characteristic testing systems for permanent magnet operating mechanisms suffer from prominent drawbacks: they fail to capture key parameters, including coil operating current, coil voltage, and power supply status, and rely on manual data entry for acquisition and integration. To address these limitations, an automatic acquisition and testing system for characteristic parameters of permanent magnet operating mechanisms is proposed in this paper. Appropriate sensors and hardware modules are selected, and corresponding hardware circuits are designed to realize fully automatic control of circuit breakers and unattended data collection. The proposed system effectively improves test efficiency, eliminates human-induced risks during experiments, and enhances overall test safety. Three groups of verification tests are carried out to evaluate the system performance, including the extraction of stroke characteristic parameters under normal opening/closing operations, characteristic parameter acquisition under variable control voltages, and sampling of opening/closing coil current characteristics. Experimental results demonstrate that compared with traditional acquisition equipment for permanent magnet operating mechanisms, the developed system achieves superior stability and user-friendliness. It not only boosts the efficiency of characteristic parameter collection, but also furnishes reliable data support for further research and intelligent online monitoring of permanent magnet operating mechanisms.