市售水产品中恩诺沙星残留特征及膳食暴露概率风险评估
Residue Characteristics of Enrofloxacin in Commercially Available Aquatic Products and Probability Risk Assessment of Dietary Exposure
DOI: 10.12677/hjfns.2026.155060, PDF,   
作者: 刘佳怡, 蒋 宁*：华北理工大学公共卫生学院，河北 唐山；孙 蕾：华北理工大学公共卫生学院，河北 唐山；唐山市路北区疾病预防控制中心(唐山市路北区卫生监督所)，河北 唐山
关键词: 恩诺沙星；药物残留；概率评估；膳食暴露风险；Enrofloxacin； Drug Residue； Probability Assessment； Dietary Exposure Risk
摘要: 目的：了解某市市售水产品中恩诺沙星的残留特征，评估不同性别、年龄组人群恩诺沙星的膳食暴露风险。方法：在东南部某市部分水产品售卖场所于2021年5月至2022年4月进行现场随机抽样，采用高效液相色谱–串联质谱法测定水产品中恩诺沙星的残留含量；基于Crystal Ball软件，运用蒙特卡洛法结合风险熵法，分别对不同性别及年龄组人群通过不同种类水产品摄入恩诺沙星的膳食暴露风险进行评估。结果：检测样品2825份。恩诺沙星在鱼类和贝类的平均含量较高。其整体超标率为1.42%，且在四类水产品中的超标率差异具有统计学意义(P < 0.01)。根据风险评估结果，所有被检水产品中由恩诺沙星暴露所致的风险熵的值均远低于安全阈值1。就年龄与性别差异而言，3~11岁组中女性的风险熵高于同组男性，而12岁及以上组则男性高于女性。此外，风险熵最高点落在3~5岁年龄段，最低点则出现在12~17岁年龄段。结论：不同种类水产品中残留的恩诺沙星对各性别、年龄组人群的膳食暴露风险均在可接受范围内，风险较低。
Abstract: Objective: To investigate the residual characteristics of enrofloxacin in aquatic products sold in a city, and to evaluate the dietary exposure risk of enrofloxacin in different gender and age groups. Methods: From May 2021 to April 2022, on-site random sampling was conducted in some aquatic products selling places in a city in southeastern China, and the residual content of enrofloxacin in aquatic products was determined by HPLC/tandem mass spectrometry. Monte Carlo method based on Crystal Ball software and risk entropy method were used to assess the dietary exposure risk of enrofloxacin in different types of aquatic products for different genders and age groups. Results: 2825 samples were detected. Enrofloxacin is found in higher average concentrations in fish and shellfish. The overall exceedance rate of enrofloxacin was 1.42%, and there was statistical significance in the exceedance rate of enrofloxacin among the four types of aquatic products (P < 0.01). The results of risk assessment showed that the risk entropy of enrofloxacin exposure in several types of aquatic products was far less than 1. Regarding gender and age differences, females in the 3~11 years group had higher risk quotients than males in the same group, whereas males aged 12 years and above had higher risk quotients than females. The risk entropy of 3 to 5-year-olds was the highest, and that of 12 to 17-year-olds was the lowest. Conclusion: The dietary exposure risk of enrofloxacin residues in different kinds of aquatic products is within the acceptable range for all genders and age groups, and the risk is low.
文章引用：刘佳怡, 孙蕾, 蒋宁. 市售水产品中恩诺沙星残留特征及膳食暴露概率风险评估[J]. 食品与营养科学, 2026, 15(5): 569-577. https://doi.org/10.12677/hjfns.2026.155060

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