乌托邦空间的结构相似性与观念差异——维兰德《金镜》中“自然之子故事”与陶渊明《桃花源记》比较

Structural Similarities and Ideological Differences of Spatial Utopias—A Cross-Cultural Comparative Study of the “Story of the Child of Nature” in Der goldene Spiegel and The Peach Blossom Spring

摘要: 在跨文化比较视野下，陶渊明的《桃花源记》与维兰德《金镜》中的《自然之子故事》均建构了以地理隔绝为特征的理想社会。文章采用比较文学平行研究方法，从空间乌托邦视角切入，梳理两部作品在地理屏障、社会运转、叙事结构及结尾走向上的异同，说明二者在空间隔离与外来者视角上的相似性，体现了乌托邦文学跨文化表达的结构共性；而在内部社会运作与结局处理上的差异，则反映出魏晋时期隐逸思想与德意志启蒙运动在理想社会构思及政治现实反思上的不同路径。

Abstract: From the perspective of cross-cultural comparison, Tao Yuanming’s The Peach Blossom Spring and the “Story of the Child of Nature” in Christoph Martin Wieland’s Der goldene Spiegel both construct ideal societies characterized by geographical isolation. Employing the parallel study approach in comparative literature, this paper examines the two works from the perspective of spatial utopia by comparing their geographical barriers, social organization, narrative structures, and endings. The analysis demonstrates that both texts share structural similarities in their use of spatial isolation and the perspective of an outsider, reflecting the cross-cultural commonality of utopian literary representation. At the same time, their differences in social organization and narrative resolution reveal distinct conceptions of the ideal society, corresponding respectively to the reclusive ideals of the Wei-Jin period in China and the critical reflection on political reality during the German Enlightenment.