从空间排斥到空间重构——《JR上野站公园口》的第三空间书写

From Spatial Exclusion to Spatial Reconstruction: A Thirdspace Reading of Tokyo Ueno Station Park

摘要: 研究以柳美里的小说《JR上野站公园口》为分析对象，运用爱德华·索亚的第三空间理论，并结合米歇尔·福柯的规训理论，探讨了都市空间中无家可归者的生存困境与空间重构实践。论文通过文本分析，将论述分为三个层面：第一空间层面，分析了上野公园等物质空间如何通过规则和管理对边缘群体进行物理排斥与规训；第二空间层面，探讨了主流社会规范和创伤记忆如何共同作用，形成对边缘者的精神压迫；第三空间层面，论述了无家可归者如何通过形成自治共同体，进行日常抵抗和价值重估，从而建构出具有抵抗性、超越性和开放性的生存空间。研究最终指出，都市边缘空间不仅是排斥的场所，更是无家可归者重构生存意义的实践场域，展现了一个从物质排斥、精神内化到实践重建的辩证过程。

Abstract: This study takes Yu Miri’s novel Tokyo Ueno Station Park as its primary object of analysis and employs Edward Soja’s theory of Thirdspace, in conjunction with Michel Foucault’s theory of discipline, to examine the living predicaments of homeless people and their practices of spatial reconstruction in urban space. Through textual analysis, the study examines the novel on three interconnected levels. At the level of Firstspace, it analyzes how material spaces such as Ueno Park physically exclude and discipline marginalized groups through rules, regulations, and spatial management. At the level of Secondspace, it explores how dominant social norms and traumatic memories interact to produce psychological oppression and reinforce the marginalization of those excluded from mainstream society. At the level of Thirdspace, it examines how homeless people construct autonomous communities through everyday resistance and the revaluation of social values, thereby creating a form of living space characterized by resistance, transcendence, and openness. The study ultimately argues that urban marginal spaces are not merely sites of exclusion but also practical arenas in which homeless people reconstruct the meaning of existence. The novel thus presents a dialectical process that moves from material exclusion and psychological internalization toward the reconstruction of lived space through social practice.