情绪转换条件下前摄抑制对儿童工作记忆的影响
The Effect of Emotional Shifts to Proactive Interference of Working Memory in Children
DOI: 10.12677/AP.2017.75079, PDF,    科研立项经费支持
作者: 刘 荣, 樊柯钧：首都师范大学初等教育学院，北京 ；闫 立：北京交通大学，北京
关键词: 情绪；工作记忆；前摄抑制；Emotion； Working Memory； Proactive Interference
摘要: 目的:考察不同情绪转换条件下，个体在前摄干扰的建立、最大化和释放阶段的工作记忆成绩。方法：对35名小学生施测前摄干扰任务，对比不同情绪条件下，儿童在前摄干扰各阶段的回忆正确率。结果：前摄干扰阶段的主效应显著(P < 0.05)，前摄干扰释放阶段的正确率显著高于前摄干扰的建立阶段。情绪词类型的主效应显著(P < 0.01)，低愉悦词的正确率显著低于高愉悦词和中性词，高愉悦词和中性词的正确率无显著差异。前摄干扰阶段和情绪词类型的交互作用没有显著差异(P > 0.05)。结论：前摄干扰的释放有利于工作记忆成绩。相比高愉悦情绪词，低愉悦情绪词显著地降低了儿童的工作记忆成绩。
Abstract: Objective: The aim of the present study is to explore proactive interference (PI) in the process of working memory in different emotional conditions, and to explore whether there is the existence of proactive interference release in the emotional shifts. Methods: 35 children in primary school were administered to perform proactive interference task. We compared the working memory scores in different emotional conditions. Results: It is significant for the main effect of PI (P < 0.05), and the correct frequency of PI release is significant higher than that of PI building. The main effect of emotion type is significant (P < 0.01), and the correct frequency of positive words is higher than that of negative words. It is not significant interaction between PI and emotion type. Conclusion: The release of PI can increase the working memory performance. There are more bad working memory performance in the low-happy emotional words than that of high-happy emotional words.
文章引用：刘荣, 樊柯钧, 闫立 (2017). 情绪转换条件下前摄抑制对儿童工作记忆的影响. 心理学进展, 7(5), 649-654. https://doi.org/10.12677/AP.2017.75079

参考文献

[1] Bunting, M. (2006). Proactive Interference and Item Similarity in Working Memory. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 32, 183-196.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[2] Cowan, N. (2001). The Magical Number 4 in Short-Term Memory: A Reconsideration of Mental Storage Capacity. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 24, 87-114.[CrossRef] 
[3] Eysenck, M. W., & Calvo, M. G. (1992). Anxiety and Performance: The Processing Efficiency Theory. Cognition and Emotion, 6, 409-434.[CrossRef] 
[4] Fredrickson, B. L. (1998). What Good Are Positive Emotions? Review of General Psychology, 2, 300-319.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[5] Gray, D. E. (2004). Learning through the Workplace: A Practical Guide to Work-Based Learning. Cheltenham: Nelson Thornes.
[6] Hartshorne, J. K. (2008). Visual Working Memory Capacity and Proactive Interference. PLoS ONE, 3, e2716.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[7] Jonides, J., & Nee, D. E. (2006). Brain Mechanisms of Proactive Interference in Working Memory. Neuroscience, 139, 181-193.
[8] Knickerbocker, H., Johnson, R. L., & Altarriba, J. (2014). Emotion Effects during Reading: Influence of an Emotion Target Word on Eye Movements and Processing. Cognition & Emotion, 29, 784-806.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[9] Lavric, A., Rippon, G., & Gray, J. R. (2003). Threat-Evoked Anxiety Disrupts Spatial Working Memory Performance: An Attentional Account. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 27, 498-504.[CrossRef] 
[10] Levens, S. M., & Phelps, E. A. (2008). Emotion Processing Effects on Interference Resolution in Working Memory. Emotion, 8, 267-280.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[11] Lisa, D. B., & David, P. M. (2011). Proactive Interference and Practice Effects in Visuospatial Working Memory Span Task Performance. Memory, 19, 83-91.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[12] Makovski, T., & Jiang, Y. V. (2008). Proactive Interference from Items Previously Stored in Visual Working Memory. Memory & Cognition, 36, 43-52.[CrossRef] 
[13] Schimmack, U., & Derryberry, D. (2005). Attentional Interference Effects of Emotional Pictures: Threat, Negativity, or Arousal? Emotion, 5, 55-66.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[14] Schupp, H. T., Stockburger, J., Bublatzky, F. et al. (2007). Explicit Attention Interferes with Selective Emotion Processing in Human Extrastriate Cortex. BMC Neuroscience, 8, 16.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[15] Underwood, B. J. (1957). Interference and Forgetting. Psychological Review, 64, 49-60.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[16] Wickens, D. D., Born, D. G., & Allen, C. K. (1963). Proactive Inhibition and Item Similarity in Short-Term Memory. Journal of Verbal Learning & Verbal Behavior, 2, 440-445.