特殊人群疏散特性的元胞自动机模拟

Cellular Automata Simulation of Evacuation Characteristics of Special Pedestrian

摘要: 本文基于元胞自动机理论，将描述单一人群正常疏散的元胞自动机模型扩展至研究含有特殊行人时人群的疏散场景。基于对特殊行人(本文主要指行动不便的行人)的心理特性行为的分析，建立了含有行动不便行人时人群疏散的元胞自动机模型。数值模拟研究了不同人群密度下，行动不便行人比例及其位置分布对大厅内行人疏散过程的影响，并对行人疏散过程中的时空动力学特性进行了讨论。研究表明，与正常人群的疏散相比，行动不便行人的加入对混合人群疏散效率的影响与人群总密度有关；低密度下，对人群疏散效率影响不明显，随着密度的增加，行动不便行人所占比例的增大则会导致混合人群的疏散效率显著下降；行动不便行人所在的位置会影响疏散效率，特别是高密度下，相对于行动不便行人的随机分布，将其置于一定范围内的特殊位置，与正常行人分开，会减少行人总体疏散时间。

Abstract: Based on cellular automata theory, the cellular automata model describing the normal pedestrian evacuation is extended to study the evacuation scenario including special pedestrians. Through analyzing the psychological characteristics of special pedestrians (This article mainly refers to the pedestrian who are unable to move freely), a cellular automaton model is established. The numerical simulations are performed to investigate the influence of the proportion and location distribution of special pedestrian on the evacuation process in the hall. The spatio-temporal dynamic characteristic of pedestrian evacuation process is also discussed. The results show that the effect of the special crowd on the whole evacuation efficiency is related to the total pedestrian density. At low density, this effect on the evacuation efficiency is not obvious, but with the increase of density, the proportion of special pedestrians will lead to a significant decrease in the evacuation efficiency. In addition, the location distribution of the special pedestrians will also affect the evacuation efficiency. Especially at high density, compared with the random distribution of the special pedestrians, to put them in a certain position and separate them from the normal pedestrians will reduce the overall evacuation time remarkably.