同人文作品在转换性使用中的著作权问题分析

An Analysis of Fan Fiction in Transformative Use

摘要: 合理使用制度是现有的对著作权的有效限制制度，同时它也是一种合理规范使用，有利于促进著作思想传播。20世纪90年代以来，同人文作品发展迅速，我国现有的合理使用制度由于立法时客观环境的制约，没有考虑到如何协调同人文作者与原作者利益的问题，故不能很好的解决同人文作者与原作者之间的利益冲突。而与此同时的美国，在Campbell案中Level法官率先使用“转换性使用原则”进行判案，确立了转换性使用制度。通过分析相关学者的研究结果与结合中国同人文作品发展的现状，发现有学者认为转换性使用与合理使用的关系并不是以往学界认为的前者是后者的认定因素，转换性使用依其“以是否存在转换性来认定使用是否合法”的特性，能实现“平衡同人文作者与原作者之间利益”的目的。故在我国施行转换性使用制度，能有效解决同人文作者与原作者之间的冲突，对我国著作权法的完整与发展具有积极意义。

Abstract: Fair use is a system which can limit copyright validly, and meanwhile it’s a kind of use of rational regulation, facilitating the dissemination of ideas. Since 1990s, fan fiction has developed so quickly. The fair use system can’t solve the conflict of interest between original authors and authors of fan fiction because of the condition at the moment when fair use system was determined. At the same time, judge Level of America used the principle of transformative use to determine case Campbell and established transformative use system. Through the analysis in researches of related scholars and current development of fan fiction in our country, we find some scholars deem that transformative use is not an identified element of fair use. Transformative use can achieve the purpose of balancing interest between original authors and the authors of fan fiction, depending on its feature that transformation determines legislation. As a result, executing transformative use system can be a valid solution of the conflict of interest between original authors and authors of fan fiction, having a positive meaning to the integrity and development of copyright law in our country.