高速铁路隧道出口微气压波声学特性计算分析
Acoustic Characteristics of Micro-Pressure Wave at the High Speed Railway Tunnel Exit
摘要: 高速列车进入隧道产生的压缩波传播至隧道出口时会生成微气压波，某些情况下还会出现隧道口音爆，对周围环境产生负面影响。为分析隧道出口外音爆现象的产生原因，本文采用大涡模拟法计算隧道出口流场参数，并基于Lighthill声类比理论运用有限元法计算隧道出口声场分布，参考人耳听阈曲线分析了隧道出口外音爆现象的发生机理。在本文计算模型中，对比不同车速条件下隧道出口微气压波声场计算结果，发现当车速高于300 km/h时，隧道出口将会出现音爆现象。
Abstract: The micro-pressure wave will be generated when the compression wave propagates to the tunnel exit. In some cases, there will be a sonic boom at the tunnel exit, which has a negative impact on the surrounding environment. In order to analyze the causes of the sonic boom at tunnel exit, the large eddy simulation method was used to calculate the parameters of the flow field of tunnel exit. Based on the Lighthill acoustic analogy theory, the finite element method was used to calculate the acoustic characteristics of micro-pressure wave, and the audibility threshold of human was introduced to analyze the mechanism of the sonic boom phenomenon at the tunnel exit. In the calculation model of this paper, the micro-pressure wave sound fields of the tunnel exit under different train speeds were compared. It is found that when the speed of the train is higher than 300 km/h, the sonic boom will occur.
文章引用：刘金通, 李人宪. 高速铁路隧道出口微气压波声学特性计算分析[J]. 声学与振动, 2018, 6(2): 62-69. https://doi.org/10.12677/OJAV.2018.62008

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