习惯性短睡者的研究综述与展望
Review and Outlook the Habitual Short Sleepers
摘要: 短睡者群体日益增多，这一群体习惯性睡眠时长短于正常睡眠者，但日常功能并不受影响。对这一群体的关注可以了解他们在极端睡眠时长的情况下如何保持功能性的正常。但目前研究对这一群体关注度不高，无法的出定论。对于短睡者特性主要可以从4个方面去了解，分别是生理变化；认知功能是否损伤；睡眠稳态结构；以及神经认知基础。相比于正常睡眠的健康群体，短睡者群体可能处于高于其生理平衡状态的新的高压力平衡状态，他们的睡眠结构与正常睡眠组存在微小差别，主要表现为慢波睡眠的占比增加。并且，在清醒阶段短睡者需要面对更多的睡眠压力。但是相关的核磁共振成像数据认为，短睡者之所以认为自己没有功能缺失，可能是对于自己功能性觉知的不准确。或者，短睡者海马体积的变化与海马区域的激活，可能是他们主观认为自己没有功能性缺失的原因。进一步的研究可以对短睡者群体的自我以及记忆进行深入探讨，探索短睡者抗睡眠压力的能力强的关键是否与记忆相关的脑区激活有关，或者短睡者只是对自己功能性觉知的不准确。
Abstract: The number of short sleepers is increasing. The sleep duration of this group is shorter than normal sleepers, but daily functions are not affected. Concerns about this group can understand how they remain functional during extreme sleep duration. However, the current research on this group is not enough to make a final conclusion. The characteristics of the short sleepers can be mainly understood from four aspects, namely physiological changes, the cognitive functions, the Homeostatic sleep regulation, and the neurocognitive basis. Compared to the normal sleeping healthy population, the group of short sleepers may be in a special high-pressure equilibrium state that is higher than their physiological balance. Their sleep structure is slightly different from that of the normal sleeping group, mainly represented by the proportion of increase of slow-wave sleep. Also, short sleepers during the wakeful phase need to face more sleep pressure. However, related magnetic resonance imaging date suggests that the reason why a person who is a sleeper thinks that he has no function deficiency may be inaccurate for his own functional awareness. Or, the changes in hippocampal volume and the activation of the hippocampus in the short sleepers may be the reasons for their subjective belief that they have no functional deficits. Further research can provide insight into the self and memory of the group of the short sleepers, whether the key to exploring the ability of sleepers to resist sleep pressure is related to memory-related activation of brain regions, or whether short sleepers are only functionally aware of themselves inaccurate.
文章引用：罗梓元 (2018). 习惯性短睡者的研究综述与展望. 心理学进展, 8(7), 900-910. https://doi.org/10.12677/AP.2018.87108

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