应用于配电网系统的固态交流断路器研究

The Research of AC Solid State Circuit Breaker Applied to Distribution Grids

摘要: 随着配电网系统的智能化发展，对控制断路器快速投退的要求越来越高，为此设计了一种基于绝缘栅双极型晶体管(Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor, IGBT)的固态断路器(Solid State Circuit Breaker, SSCB)，可以无弧、快速地开断交流配电网电路，并且具备一定的故障自检功能和过流保护能力，克服了机械断路器开断速度慢的缺点。本文介绍了固态断路器结构和主要模块的功能，并且描述了断路器的开断过程及原理。针对串联IGBT均压问题设计了改进型RCD电路，推导了串联均压电路和断路器的主要参数。在OrCAD Capture 16.3 Pspice平台搭建了一个16.3 kV/347 MVA的固态断路器并仿真验证了可行性。

Abstract: With the intelligent development of the distribution grids, the requirements for the rapid retreat of the control circuit breaker are getting higher and higher. Therefore a solid state circuit breaker based on the IGBT is proposed. It can fast break the AC circuits of the distribution grids without arc and has certain fault self-checking function and overcurrent protection, which overcomes the defect of slow breaking speed of mechanical circuit breaker. This paper introduces the structure of solid state circuit breaker and the functions of the main modules, and describes the breaking process and principle of the circuit breaker. Then an improved RCD circuit is designed for the voltage unbalancing problem of series connected IGBTs. The important parameters of the solid state circuit breaker are deduced. Finally, a solid state circuit breaker with 16.3 kV/347 MVA is developed for simulation test to verify its feasibility in OrCAD Capture 16.3 Pspice.