荞麦全程机械化生产技术研究

The Research of Whole-Course Mechanized Production Technology on Buckwheat

摘要: 目前，我国荞麦生产水平较为落后，发展不平衡，亟待研究推广机械化生产技术。因为农村实行土地流转经营政策，一些种田能手、家庭农场的耕种面积随之扩大，如陕北地区耕种100多亩荞麦的农户屡见不鲜，靠传统作业方式远不适应；二是农村主要劳动力的年龄偏大，体力不支；三是荞麦生产技术落后于其他作物，影响了我国现代农业发展的整体进程。有鉴于此，我们进行了荞麦全程机械化、半机械化生产技术研究。试验成功了适宜半干旱地区种植的“圆盘注入式穴播机械”、试验成功了半机械地膜荞麦生产技术、筛选出符合荞麦生理特性的“一边倒荞麦收割机械”。经过2016~2018年试验、示范表明，效果好、效率高，受到基层农业部门和农民的高度称赞。

Abstract: At present, the buckwheat production level in our country is more backward and unbalanced development. It is necessary to research and popularize the mechanized production technology. Three causes make this result. The first one is land circulation operation policy. In rural areas acreage under cultivation is extending; for example, it is not uncommon to cultivate buckwheat more than 100 acres in North of Shanxi Province for some farmers or family farm; traditional cultivating type is not suitable any more. The second one is the elderly major farmers in rural areas and their less physical power. The third one is that buckwheat’s production technology is far behind of that of other crops, and holds back the whole course of our country’s modern agriculture development. Based on the above, we have done the research on buckwheat’s whole course mechanization and half-mechanization production technology. We have succeeded in “disc injecting type hill-drop machine” adapted to semi-arid region, half-mechanization plastic film production technology, and screened out “one-sided buckwheat harvesting machinery” adapted to buckwheat characteristic. Experiments were made in 2016, demonstrated impressive effect and high efficiency, and were highly praised by basic-level agricultural departments and farmers.