基于经典电磁理论的光子质量理论分析

Theoretical Analysis of Photon Quality Based on Classical Electromagnetic Theory

摘要: 光子是否存在静止质量一直存在争议。本文从狭义相对论的质速关系、质能关系和爱因斯坦的光量子假说出发，就光子的概念，光子的质量本质进行分析，给出了光子静止质量为零，运动质量非零的结论。并分析了光子运动质量的电磁质量本质，给出了在真空中光子能量和动量的两种表示形式，分析了两种表示形式之间的区别和联系。此外，从能量-动量关系角度出发的新的分析方法，讨论了光子从真空运动到透明介质时的质量、动量和能量变化。最后，本文给出了一些具有代表性的实验检测光子静止质量的研究数据，分析了在某些检测中光子具有微小数值静止质量的原因，使关于光子质量的讨论更为全面。

Abstract: Photon is a gauge particle which has mass, energy and momentum. It has very high research value. Starting from the special theory of relativity, the relationship between mass and velocity, the relationship between mass and energy and the light quantum hypothesis of Einstein, this paper analyzes the concept of photons and the nature of the photon quality, and then finds that the rest mass of photons is zero while the movement quality is non-zero and the nature of the photon quality is the electromagnetic mass movement quality. In addition, this paper also gives two kinds of representation of photon energy and momentum in the vacuum and analyzes the difference and relationship between these two kinds of representation. Finally, this paper uses a new analysis method from the perspective of relationship between energy and momentum to discuss the changes of mass, momentum and energy when photons move from vacuum to the transparent medium, which makes it more comprehensive to discuss the quality of photons.