纳米二氧化钛对芦苇生物量的影响

Effect of Nano-Titanium Dioxide on Reed Biomass (Phragmites australis)

摘要: 纳米二氧化钛广泛应用于化工、医药、食品、服装和水处理行业。在植物纳米生物学效应方面，部分学者研究了纳米二氧化钛的植物生物毒理试验和对植物种子发芽、幼苗生长的影响。目前的植物纳米生物学效应数据都是基于室内试验设计研究取得的，而且试验数据只能反映植物在室内生长发育某一个阶段的状况，缺少植物在野外自然生长状态下完整的试验数据。关于纳米二氧化钛对植物的一个完整生长周期和生物量的生物学效应问题，目前仍未见报道。本试验研究了在野外自然生长状态下纳米二氧化钛对芦苇整个生长周期的生物学效应问题。芦苇是分布极为广泛的水生和湿生植物，在去除水体污染物、净化水质和修复水生态系统方面具有十分重要的作用。试验表明，纳米二氧化钛对芦苇生物学的正向效应极为显著，采用纳米二氧化钛材料处理的试验组芦苇生物量比对照组提高了97.5%、株径增加47.7%、株高增加23.3%、晴天光合速率提高了88.3%、阴天光合速率提高了72.5%，同时纳米二氧化钛可以显著降低芦苇试验田的杂草覆盖率，试验组的杂草覆盖率仅有6%，对照组为57%。本研究通过纳米二氧化钛的生物学效应增加芦苇生物量，达到高效率去除水体污染物的目的，为人工湿地和湖泊、水库等水源地水质净化保护提供了安全高效、简单易行的新模式。

Abstract: Nano titanium dioxide is widely used in chemical, pharmaceutical food, clothing and water treat-ment industries. In the aspect of nano biological effects on plants, some scholars have studied the biological toxicity test of nano titanium dioxide and its effects on seed germination and seedling growth of plants. Currently, data of nano biological effects on plants are mostly based on the la-boratory design research. Moreover, the experimental data can only provide rules of plant growth at a certain stage. Complete testing data of plants which grow naturally in the outdoor are not enough. The biological effects of nano titanium dioxide on a complete growth cycle and biomass of plants have not been reported yet. In this experiment, the biological effects of nano titanium dio-xide on the whole growth cycle of reed under natural growth conditions have been recorded and studied. Reed is a kind of aquatic and wetland plant which is widely distributed in the worldwide, and plays an important role in the removal of pollutants in water, water purification and ecological restoration of the water system. The results show that the positive biological effect of nano titanium dioxide on reed is extremely significant. The biomass of reed of experimental group treated with nano titanium dioxide is 97.5% higher than that of the control group, plant size increases 47.7%, the plant height increases 23.3%, and the photosynthetic increases by 88.3% in sunny day and 72.5% in cloudy day. At the same time, nano titanium dioxide can significantly reduce the weed coverage rate of the test area. The weed coverage rate of the experimental group is only 6%, and that of the control group is 57%. This study, by using the positive biological effect of nano titanium dioxide on reed, increases the biomass of reed, lifts reed’s periodic yield, achieves efficient removal of pollutants in water and could provide a safe, efficient and simple new way of water purification and protection of artificial wetlands and lakes, reservoirs and other water sources.