含铌板簧材料疲劳性能研究与应用

Research and Application of Fatigue Properties of Niobium Leaf Spring Materials

摘要: 能源短缺问题已成为制约我国汽车产业可持续发展的突出问题，考虑到社会效益和经济效益，低能耗、低排放的汽车是节约型社会发展的最终需求。轻量化技术是重型汽车节能的重要手段。重型汽车采用变截面少片钢板弹簧可减少弹簧总成自身质量的30%~50%。由于钢板弹簧的重量与设计满载静应力的平方成反比，开发韧性更高的材料，提高钢板弹簧的设计满载静应力，是实现钢板弹簧轻量化最有效的途径。钢板弹簧的设计满载静应力的提高，则对材料和制造工艺提出了更高的要求。本文主要阐述含铌板簧材料的技术方案，材料试制与性能试验，材料的组织结构与强韧化机理等疲劳性能研究与应用，主要通过少片簧的台架与道路试验验证。通过验证得出，含铌材料具有的高强度、高塑性和良好轧制性，成为重型汽车用少片弹簧的又一佳材。

Abstract: Energy shortage has become a prominent problem restricting the sustainable development of China’s automobile industry. Considering the social and economic benefits, low energy consumption and low emissions of automobiles is the ultimate demand for the development of a conserva-tion-minded society. Lightweight technology is an important means of energy saving for heavy ve-hicles. The heavy duty vehicle adopts the small piece cross section leaf spring, which can reduce the 30% to 50% of the spring assembly’s quality. Because the weight of leaf spring is inversely proportional to the square of the designed full load static stress, it is the most effective way to re-alize the lightweight of leaf spring to develop materials with higher toughness and improve the designed full load static stress of leaf spring. The increase of static stress at full load in the design of leaf springs puts forward higher requirements for materials and manufacturing technology. This paper mainly expounds the fatigue performance research and application of the Niobi-um-containing leaf spring material, including its technical scheme, material trial-production and performance test, material structure and strengthening-toughening mechanism, etc. It is mainly verified by the bench test and road test of leaf springs. The results show that the Nb-containing materials have high strength, high plasticity and good rolling property, and become another good material for heavy-duty truck less leaf spring materials.