劳动力摩擦及其产业间配置与经济增长：一个基于两部门的研究

Labor Force Friction and Its Inter-Industry Allocation and Economic Growth: A Study Based on Two Sectors

摘要: 本文通过构建两部门产业间劳动力配置效应模型，采用省级静态面板、省级动态面板以及省级面板门槛效应的分析方法，对理论模型进行计量检验。研究结果发现，农业部门劳动力转移到非农业部门的产业间劳动力配置效应对经济增长的影响存在倒U型关系；全部样本与中西部省份样本，劳动力从农业部门流动到非农业部门的产业间劳动力配置效应对经济增长产生正效应，而东部省份农业部门劳动力转移到非农业部门的产业间劳动力配置效应抑制经济增长。存在劳动力摩擦的两部门产业间劳动力配置效应对经济增长产生显著的负向影响占产业间劳动力配置总效应的37.5%，且东部省份的负向影响为−32.8%大于全样本与中西部省份地区，说明东部省份对外来务工人员包容性就业的制度阻碍严重抑制了经济增长。因此在经济进入新常态的情况下，减少劳动力摩擦促进产业间劳动力配置效应，为经济增长路径选择提供一个新思路。

Abstract: This paper constructs the model of labor allocation effect between two sectors, and uses the analysis methods of provincial static panel, provincial dynamic panel and provincial panel threshold effect to test the theoretical model. The results show that there is an inverted U-shaped relationship between the effect of labor force allocation between industries in the agricultural sector and non-agricultural sector on economic growth, and that the effect of labor force allocation between industries from the agricultural sector to the non-agricultural sector has a positive effect on eco-nomic growth in all the samples of central and western provinces. The inter-industry labor alloca-tion effect of the transfer of labor force from agricultural sector to non-agricultural sector in eastern provinces inhibits economic growth. The negative impact of labor force frictions on economic growth is 37.5% of the total effect of inter-industry labor force allocation, and the negative impact of the eastern provinces is −32.8% larger than that of the whole sample and the central and western provinces. This shows that the eastern provinces have institutional obstacles to the inclusive employment of migrant workers. Obstacles have severely inhibited economic growth. Therefore, when the economy enters a new normal, reducing labor friction promotes the effect of in-ter-industry labor allocation, and provides a new way of thinking for the choice of economic growth path.