情节与结构的融合—《金甲虫》中的人物塑造分析

Fusion of Plot and Structure—Analysis of Characterization in The Gold-Bug

摘要: 《金甲虫》是美国著名作家爱伦•坡的短篇推理小说之一，它讲述了主人公威廉•勒格朗通过金甲虫这个线索进行一系列的推理，并最终寻到海盗基德埋藏的宝藏的故事。本文运用叙事学的理论，通过分析这篇短篇小说中的人物塑造，发现坡在小说中塑造的人物既是“功能型”的，也是“心理型”的。由于“功能型”人物观强调小说结构的完整性，而“心理型”人物观侧重小说情节的似真性，因此坡在他的小说中通过让人物兼具“功能型”和“心理型”的特点，实现了结构的完整性和情节的似真性，并使结构和情节得以完美融合。

Abstract: The Gold-Bug is one of the famous American writer Allan Poe’s detective fictions, which tells a story about how the protagonist William Legrand finds the treasure hidden by pirate Kidd through a chain of logical reasoning according to a clue of a gold-bug. This paper analyzes characterization in this detective fiction from a narratological perspective. It is found out that characterization in this fiction is both functional and psychological. Since functional character view emphasizes the integrality of a fiction’s structure, and psychological character view attaches importance to the verisimilitude of a fiction’s plot, Poe achieves the integrality of the fiction’s structure and the verisimilitude of the fiction by creating characters who are both functional and psychological, thus fusing the structure and plot of the fiction perfectly.