聚乳酸/聚丙烯腈纳米复合纤维膜的制备和性能研究

Study on Preparation and Properties of Polylactic Acid/Polyacrylonitrile Nanocomposite Fiber Membranes

摘要: 聚丙烯腈(PAN)纤维具有耐候性、耐日晒性和耐化学试剂等优点，但降解困难，因此本文引入生物可降解高分子材料聚乳酸(PLA)，通过共轭静电纺丝技术以PAN为主体制备PLA/PAN纳米复合纤维膜，以提高PAN纤维的降解性。通过L₉(3⁴)正交实验探讨PLA溶液浓度、纺丝电压、纺丝速率以及针头内径等因素对纤维形貌和直径的影响。发现PLA纺丝浓度为10%，纺丝速率为0.06 mm/min，电压为8 kV，针头内径为0.51 mm，PLA/PAN纺丝速度比为0.86:1时，制备的复合纤维膜的直径最细，性能最好。此外，对复合纤维膜进行结构、热稳定性能和亲水性能等测试，发现PLA/PAN纳米复合纤维膜与PAN相比热分解温度降低并具有一定的亲水性。

Abstract: Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fiber has the advantages of weather resistance, solar resistance and chemical resistance, but it is difficult to degrade. Therefore, the biodegradable polymer material polylactic acid (PLA) is introduced to improve the degradability of the PAN fiber by conjugated electrospinning technology. The PLA/PAN nanocomposite fiber membrane is prepared. L₉(3⁴ or-thogonal experiment is used to investigate the effects of PLA solution concentration, spinning voltage, spinning rate and inner diameter of the needle on the morphology and diameter of the fi-ber. It was found that: when the PLA spinning concentration was 10%; the spinning rate was 0.06 mm/min; the voltage was 8 kV; the inner diameter of the needle was 0.51 mm; and the PLA/PAN spinning speed ratio was 0.86:1; the prepared composite fiber membrane had the finest diameter and the best performance. In addition, the composite fiber membrane was tested for its structure, thermal stability and hydrophilicity. It was found that the PLA/PAN nanocomposite fiber mem-brane has a lower thermal decomposition temperature and hydrophilicity.