全球碳基金商业化运作模式的监管问题研究

Research on the Regulation of the Commercial Operation Mode of Global Carbon Fund

摘要: 碳基金是全球为应对气候变化而建立起来的专款专用的基金种类。由于全球碳基金开始是由公共部门进行融资，但是随着私人部门的加入，国际上碳基金的运作模式也在不断的商业化，融资手段多元化，这体现在将资金投入到环保产业的商业用途上。全球碳基金商业化运作模式的有效运行，只有通过严格的监管框架才能够得到保障。目前国际上对于碳基金的商业化运作模式监管立法模式可以分为独立监管模式、多头监管模式以及分散监管模式。在比较典型国家的碳基金监管规则的基础上，分析其中所存在的监管体系混乱、监管模式单一以及缺乏监管协调机制等问题，提出在多头监管的基础上建立立法协调机制，并统合分散的监管部门，实现监管的统一性，进而保证全球碳基金的商业化运作模式能够更加稳定、有效的运行，为全球应对气候变化发展低碳经济提供更好的法律支撑。

Abstract: Carbon fund is a kind of special fund established in the world to cope with climate change. Since the global carbon fund was initially financed by the public sector, but with the participation of the private sector, the operation mode of the international carbon fund is also constantly commercialized and the financing means are diversified, which is reflected in the investment of funds into the commercial use of the environmental protection industry. Only through a strict regulatory framework can the effective operation of the global carbon fund be guaranteed. At present, the international regulatory and legislative models for the commercial operation of carbon funds can be divided into independent regulatory model, comprehensive regulatory model and decentralized regulatory model. Carbon fund regulatory rules in typical countries, on the basis of analysis of the existing regulatory system chaos, single regulation mode and the lack of supervision coordination mechanism, and so on, proposed based on multiple regulatory legislation coordination mechanism, integration and decentralized regulatory departments, implement supervision of unity, and commercial operation pattern of the global carbon fund can be more stable and effective operation, for the global response to climate change to develop low carbon economy, provides a better legal support.