方言中“/n/-/l/不分”现象的ERP研究
An ERP Study for Phonemic Merger in Chinese Dialects
摘要: 音位合并现象是一个典型的、有趣的语言学现象。在汉语方言中，非常典型的例子就是/n/、/l/不分现象。为什么两个不同的读音对于某些地方的人群而言就是难以分辨的呢？他们的大脑中发生了什么变化而导致这一现象？本研究采用经典的被动oddball范式，利用ERP技术，研究来自音位合并区和非合并区的两组被试的大脑对于/n/、/l/这两个音位感知的神经过程，进而希望探求在我国非常典型的/n/、/l/不分现象的神经机制。行为学结果显示，非音位合并组的被试的正确率都显著高于合并组，而在单一刺激条件下，非合并组的反应时显著低于合并组。ERP结果显示，单一刺激组和多样刺激组的四种实验条件下，音位合并组被试的MMN的幅度都显著小于非合并组(F(1, 24) = 18.390, p < 0.001)。这些结果表明：发生音位合并现象是由于缺少特异的记忆痕迹在大脑听觉早期加工阶段的激活，这种记忆痕迹是方言特异性的。
Abstract: Language is the important tool for human communication and the feature that makes us a human. Phonemic merger is a typical and interesting linguistic phenomenon. A typical example is the phoneme of /n/, /l/ in some Chinese dialects. Why is difficult to distinguish the two completely different acoustic voice for some people? What changes have taken place in their brain and lead to this phenomenon? This study adopts the passive oddball paradigm, using ERP technology, to study the brain mechanism and neural processes of /n/, /l/ these two phonemes’ perception, which is very typical phenomenon in our country. Behavioral results showed that the mean accuracy rate was higher for Unmerger than Merger. And the mean reaction time of the Unmerger was significantly shorter than that of the Merger under single prolonged stimulus. Relative to the case of the Unmerger, it was observed that the amplitudes of MMN were higher while the amplitudes of MMN were lower in Merger group (F(1, 24) = 18.390, p < 0.001). These results suggested that phonemic merger occurs because of the lack of activation of memory traces at the early stage of auditory processing and these memory traces are dialect-specific.
文章引用：周雨燕, 吴盈. 方言中“/n/-/l/不分”现象的ERP研究[J]. 现代语言学, 2019, 7(1): 43-53. https://doi.org/10.12677/ML.2019.71007

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