溴脱氧尿苷在生物医学诊断中的应用与研究

Application and Research of Bromodeoxyuridine in Biomedical Diagnosis

摘要: 核苷与脱氧核苷系列化合物主要用于医学领域，用途广泛，而且新产品层出不穷，应用范围不断扩大。核苷类抗病毒药物品种繁多，结构多样，主要以破坏病毒转录、干扰或终止病毒核酸的合成为目的，用于抗疱疹病毒，HIV，HBV，以及流感和呼吸系统病毒等DNA和RNA病毒。目前在这方面应用最多，而且新出现的药物主要集中于治疗上述疾病。作为抗肿瘤药物，它们的主要作用是干扰肿瘤的DNA合成，或者影响核酸的转录过程，抑制蛋白质的化合物已经有多种临床应用，其中有部分产品对多种真菌具有抑制作用，而且对哺乳动物几乎没毒性。作为抗抑郁药物，核苷类药物可以用于治疗神经系统疾病，有非常强的抗抑郁作用，有的药物同时可以用作治疗关节疾病的镇定剂，对脑血管功能障碍也有效。其他方面，核苷及其核苷类系列化合物，有的可以作为高校食用增鲜剂；一些寡核苷酸不仅可以用于基因疗法，还可以用作案件侦破，考古以及作为DNA计算机的元件等。

Abstract: The nucleoside and deoxynucleoside series of compounds are mainly used in the medical field, and are widely used, and new products are emerging one after another, and the application range is expanding. Nucleoside antiviral drugs are diverse in variety and structure, and are mainly used for anti-herpesvirus, HIV, HBV, and DNA and RNA viruses such as influenza and respiratory viruses for the purpose of destroying viral transcription, interference or termination of viral nucleic acid synthesis. It is currently the most widely used in this area, and new drugs are mainly concentrated on the treatment of the above diseases. As anti-tumor drugs, their main role is to interfere with the DNA synthesis of tumors, or to affect the transcription process of nucleic acids. Compounds that inhibit proteins have been used in many clinical applications, some of which have inhibitory effects on various fungi, and on mammals. There are almost no toxic side effects. As an antidepressant, nucleoside drugs can be used to treat neurological diseases and have a strong antidepressant effect. Some drugs can also be used as sedatives for the treatment of joint diseases, and are also effective for cerebrovascular dysfunction. In other respects, nucleosides and their nucleoside series of compounds, some can be used as edible flavoring agents in colleges and universities; some oligonucleotides can be used not only for gene therapy, but also for case detection, archaeology, and as a component of DNA computers.