面孔性别，注视方向和面部表情对面部可信度判断的影响

Facial Trustworthiness Judgment Affected by Face Gender, Gaze Direction, and Facial Expressions

摘要: 人们经常会依据他人的外在特征如面孔来判断对方的一些内在特质，例如，是否值得信任。面孔–特质推论是否会受到面部特征的影响一直是很多研究者感兴趣的问题。本研究考察了注视方向，面孔性别和面部表情是否影响面孔可信度判断。结果显示，注视方向，面部性别和面部表情各自都会影响面孔可信度判断。更重要的是，这些因素之间存在交互作用。注视方向和面孔性别分别调节了面部表情效应。男性被试仅在评判女性面部时会依赖于面孔的注视方向做判断，而女性被试在评判女性和男性面孔时是没有差异的。结果表明，面孔可信度的判断受到多个面部特征的交互影响。

Abstract: People often make trait judgments (e.g., trustworthiness, competence, and dominance) based on faces, which lead to important social consequences. The face-to-trait inference can be affected by facial features. The current study examined how facial trustworthiness judgment was affected by gaze direction, face gender, and facial expression. Thirty-four college students viewed happy, neutral, or sad Chinese faces with either averted or directed gaze and performed a facial trustworthiness judgment task with a 7-point Likert scale. Gaze direction, face gender, and facial expression each had influence on facial trustworthiness judgment. More importantly, we found interactions between gaze direction and facial expression, between face gender and facial expression, and the interaction of gaze direction, face gender, and participant gender. The effect of facial expression was modulated by gaze direction and face gender. Male participants relied on gaze direction only when judging female faces, whereas female participants judged both female and male faces in the same manner. The results indicate that social inferences based on facial appearance are affected by the interaction of multiple categorical facial features. The dimensional approaches of first impression formation should involve the effect of categorical facial features.