我国与ISO土壤质量监测标准体系比较研究

Comparative Study on Soil Quality Monitoring Standards System between China and ISO

摘要: 本文介绍了中国国家标准《土壤环境质量 农用地土壤污染风险管控标准(试行)》 (GB15618-2018)和《土壤环境质量 建设用地土壤污染风险管控标准(试行)》 (GB36600-2018)，并与国际标准化组织(ISO)土壤质量标准体系进行了比较，重点研究了土壤环境质量关注污染物项目和相应的法定土壤监测方法标准，特别是土壤化学特征监测标准。我们发现，在新型化学污染物监测，土壤物理、土壤生物、土壤水文指标监测，可提取态重金属监测，以及快速筛选监测等方面可借鉴ISO的经验，进一步完善我国土壤质量监测标准体系，以满足我国土壤调查、评价、修复、监管等需求。

Abstract: This paper introduced China National Standards “Soil Environmental Quality Risk Control Standard for Soil Contamination of Agricultural Land (Trial) (GB15618-2018)” and “Soil Environmental Quality Risk Control Standard for Soil Contamination of Development Land (Trial) (GB36600-2018)”. We focused on the pollutants indices and the corresponding legal standards of soil monitoring methods, especially the standards of monitoring soil chemical characteristics, in comparison to the soil quality standard system of International Organization for Standardization (ISO). We found that the ISO standards can be adopted for future monitoring of chemical pollutants and the physical, biological and hydrological soil properties, and also extracting heavy metals and rapid screening. What we learned in this study can improve the soil quality monitoring standard system in China to meet the needs of soil investigation, evaluation, restoration and supervision.