论纳博科夫《防守》中的流亡意识

The Exile Consciousness in Nabokov’s Novel The Luzhin Defense

摘要: 流亡意识在纳博科夫的多部作品中都有所体现。《防守》这部小说中的流亡意识主要体现在三个方面。首先在于身份，主人公的身份问题在这部作品中尤其突出，卢仁的身份困惑是众多俄罗斯流亡者企图在异国他乡寻找俄罗斯之魂的缩影。其次是时间的书写，纳博科夫的时间观在《防守》这部小说中得到完美的呈现，记忆与现实相互交织，使整部作品前后都渗透着流亡气息。最后同样重要的在于作品中空间的书写，迁移的空间与流逝的时间两者构成了流亡的最重要条件。《防守》中亦真亦幻的时空维度使流亡这一主题得以凸显。

Abstract: The exile consciousness is reflected in many works of Vladimir Nabokov. The exile consciousness in the novel The Luzhin Defense is mainly reflected in three aspects. First of all, the identity of the protagonist. Luzhin’s identity confusion is the epitome of many Russian exiles trying to find the Russian soul in a foreign country. Secondly, the perception of time. Nabokov’s perception of time is perfectly presented in the novel The Luzhin Defense. In the novel, memory and reality interweave with each other, thus the whole work is permeated with the sense of exile. Last but not least, the spatial imagination. The movement of space and the passage of time constitute the most important conditions of exile. It is through these three aspects that the exile theme of the novel is highlighted.