4~7岁孤独症谱系障碍儿童视觉整体与局部加工研究及启示

A Study on the Local-Global Visual Processing in 4 - 7 Years Old Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder and the Implications for the Following Research

摘要: 目的：探索4~7岁孤独症谱系障碍(ASD)儿童视觉整体与局部加工特点，检验弱中央统合(WCC)理论和知觉功能促进化(EPF)理论，以期为ASD儿童的认知康复干预提供参考和建议。方法：选取特殊儿童教育机构4~7岁ASD儿童30名为实验组，普通幼儿园4~7岁典型发展(TD)儿童30名为对照组。采用碎片化图形测验和镶嵌图形测验对两组儿童视觉的整体与局部加工分别进行研究。结果：ASD儿童在碎片化图形测验中的成绩显著低于TD儿童(t = −2.98, p < 0.01)。ASD儿童在镶嵌图形测验中的成绩显著高于TD儿童(t = 3.06, p < 0.01)。结论：ASD儿童视知觉的整体加工存在缺陷，局部加工占优势。研究结果支持弱中央统合理论。

Abstract: Objective: This study is to explore visual global-local processing in 4 - 7 years old autism spectrum disorder (ASD) children, and verifies the Weak Central Coherence (WCC) account and the Enhanced Perceptual Functioning (EPF) theory, so that we can provide scientific evidence and suggestions for cognitive rehabilitation in ASD children. Methods: We administered fragmented picture test and embedded figures test to investigate visual global-local processing abilities. 30 children aged 4 - 7 years old with ASD from an educational institution for special children, and 30 typically developing children aged 4 - 7 years old from an ordinary kindergarten are involved in this study. Results: Children with ASD performed significantly worse than that of the typically developing children on fragmented picture test (t = −2.98, p < 0.01). Children with ASD performed significantly better than that of the typically developing children on embedded figures test (t = 3.06, p < 0.01). Conclusions: 4 - 7 years old ASD children show a bias of local processing and reduced global processing. The performance of ASD children in the study supports the Weak Central Coherence account.