韩国留学生汉语习得词汇空缺现象的研究及对策

Research and Countermeasures on the Phenomenon of Chinese Acquisition Vocabulary Vacancy in Korean Students

摘要: 词汇空缺是跨文化交际的过程中阻碍信息交流的主要障碍。为了使学习者能更加自如地运用汉语，就要解决由词汇空缺造成的交流障碍。为了了解韩国留学生对于空缺词汇的掌握规律，笔者采取调查问卷和课堂调研的形式，考察了留学生对于完全空缺和半空缺词汇的掌握情况。经过对调查结果的分析，笔者发现半空缺词汇和文化蕴含丰富的词汇对于韩国留学生来讲更难掌握。由于韩国语中有大量的汉字词，对他们来讲学习汉语仿佛更容易，但其实很多汉字词被引入的时期不同，加上汉字词义的不断演变，所以有很多汉字词其实是半空缺词汇。对于这种情况，笔者建议要从教材编写、教学方法和词汇对比的角度入手，找到留学生掌握空缺词汇的有效途径。

Abstract: Vocabulary vacancy is the main obstacle to information exchange in the process of cross-cultural communication. In order to enable learners to use Chinese more freely, it is necessary to solve the communication obstacles caused by vocabulary vacancies. In order to understand the law of Korean Students’ mastery of vacancy vocabulary, the author takes the form of questionnaire and classroom investigation to investigate the mastery of complete vacancies and semi-vacant words by international students. After the analysis of the survey results, the author found that semi-vacant vocabulary and cultural rich vocabulary for Korean students are more difficult to master. Because there are a large number of Chinese characters in Korean, it seems easier for them to learn Chinese, but in fact, many Chinese characters have been introduced in different periods, coupled with the continuous evolution of the meaning of Chinese characters, so there are many Chinese character words which are actually semi-vacant words. In this case, the author suggests finding out the effective way for international students to master the vacancy vocabulary from the perspective of textbook writing, teaching methods and vocabulary comparison.