硒和硅与杀菌剂复配组合对水稻病原菌毒力作用

Combination of Selenium and Silicon with Fungicides on Rice Pathogenic Fungi

摘要: 为了实现化学农药减量控害增效的目的，采用生物测定方法，研究了硒和硅与杀菌剂混合使用对水稻纹枯病菌、稻瘟病菌和稻曲病菌具有增效作用的复配组合，结果表明，亚硒酸钠对稻瘟病菌表现出较好的抑制效果，对水稻纹枯病菌和稻曲病菌的抑制效果较差，硅对水稻纹枯病菌、稻瘟病菌和稻曲病菌抑制效果均较差。硒与苯醚甲环唑复配组合对水稻纹枯病菌和稻瘟病菌具有明显增效作用，增效系数SR分别在7.5766~29.2560和1.8484~5.7502之间，硒与三环唑复配组合对稻瘟病菌具有明显增效作用，增效系数SR在1.5433~6.6283之间；硒与戊唑醇复配组合对稻曲病菌具有明显增效作用，增效系数SR在3.5137~8.4665之间。硅分别与咪鲜胺、吡唑醚菌酯和戊唑醇复配组合对纹枯病菌具有增效作用，增效系数SR分别在16.7488~34.9892、1.5287~2.5754和1.5102~1.5142之间；硅分别与吡唑醚菌酯、咪鲜胺、苯醚甲环唑和三环唑四种杀菌剂复配组合对稻瘟病菌具有增效作用，增效系数SR分别在1.5189~2.7280、3.6042~6.0069、5.8652~36.5623和15.9847~26.4874之间；硅与吡唑醚菌酯复配组合对稻曲病菌具有增效作用，增效系数SR在1.5221~2.6170之间。

Abstract: In order to realize the purpose of reducing of chemical pesticides, screen and use the fungicides for controlling rice disease scientifically, the inhibition of selenium, silicon, fungicides and their combinations on Rhizoctonia solani, Magnaporthe oryzae and Ustilaginoidea virens were determined by the bioassay method. The mixing proportion of selenium, silicon and fungicides with synergistic effect on main rice pathogens was screened. The results showed that: the inhibitory effect of silicon on R. solani, M. oryzae and U. virens was not significant. Selenium showed a good inhibitory effect on M. oryzae, while selenium showed poor inhibitory effects on R. solani and U. virens, the combinations of selenium and difenoconazole had synergistic effect on R. solani, and the range of synergistic coefficient was from 7.5766 to 29.2560, the combinations of selenium and difenoconazole and selenium and tricyclazole had synergistic effect on M. oryzae, and the ranges of synergistic coefficient were from 1.8484 to 5.7502 and 1.5433 to 6.6283, respectively. The combinations of selenium and tebu-conazole had synergistic effect on U. virens, and the range of synergistic coefficient was from 3.5137 to 8.4665. The combinations of silicon and prochloraz, silicon and pyraclostrobin, silicon and tebu-conazole had synergistic effect on R. solani, and the ranges of synergistic coefficient were from 16.7488 to 34.9892, 1.5287 to 2.5754 and 1.5102 to 1.5142, respectively. The combinations of silicon and pyraclostrobin, prochloraz, difenoconazole and tricyclazole had synergistic effect on M. oryzae, and the synergistic coefficient was 1.5189 - 2.7280, 3.6042 - 6.0069, 5.8652 - 36.5623 and 15.9847 - 26.4874, respectively. The combinations of silicon and pyraclostrobin had synergistic effect on U. virens, and the range of synergistic coefficient was from 1.5221 to 2.6170.