C类人格障碍倾向大学生反事实思维和转折点事件意义评价的关系研究

The Relation between Counterfactual Thinking and Meaning Assessment of Turning Points in College Students Who Have the Symptoms of Cluster C Personality Disorders

摘要: 目的：1) 对某地大学生C类人格障碍倾向大学生进行调查，并从睡前反事实思维和自发反事实思维角度考察其反事实思维特点；2) 以意义知觉、受益发现和命运知觉自评分为因变量，探讨C类人格障碍与反事实思维之间的交互作用。方法：通过人格障碍筛查问卷(PDQC-2)对广东省某大学1757名二年级学生进行施测，筛查人格障碍倾向个体；根据问卷施测后人格障碍阳性检出结果，通过邮件或电话邀请单——无共型的强迫型(OBC-36人)、焦虑/回避型(AVD-31人)、依赖型(DEP-14人)和对照组(H-52人)进行问卷调查和纸笔实验。问卷调查部分包括睡前反事实思维问卷，实验部分采用3 (分组：OBC、AVD和H组) × 2 (反事实思维条件：有和无)的两因素完全随机设计，因变量为转折点事件意义知觉、命运知觉和受益发现自评分。结果：1) C类人格障碍倾向大学生的睡前反事实思维得分高于正常大学生，C类人格障碍各组比较中，焦虑/回避型人格障碍倾向大学生得分最高，其次是强迫型，最低是依赖型人格障碍倾向大学生；有无自发反事实思维和被试组别有关联，相比之下，依赖型人格障碍有自发反事实思维的人数比例高达100%，高于其他组别；2) 差异检验结果显示，在反事实思维条件中，OBC组和AVD组比对照组对事件意义知觉得分更高；差异检验结果显示OBC组和AVD组比对照组对事件受益发现得分更低。结论：1) C类各型人格障碍的反事实思维特点存在差异，焦虑/回避型人格障碍组和强迫型人格障碍组睡前反事实思维突出，依赖型人格障碍更可能有自发反事实思维；2) 反事实思维对C类人格障碍组对转折点事件意义评价的影响不同，强迫型人格障碍倾向组和焦虑/回避型人格障碍倾向组相比正常对照组在反事实思维中有更高水平的事件意义知觉，强迫型人格障碍倾向组和焦虑/回避型人格障碍倾向组比正常对照组更难产生受益发现。

Abstract: Objectives: 1) To examine the characteristics of counterfactual thinking by bedtime counterfactual process, spontaneous counterfactual thinking in college students who have the symptoms of Cluster C personality disorders. 2) To explore the interaction between Cluster C personality disorders and counterfactual thinking. Methods: PDQC-2 (Personality Disorders Questionnaire for CCMD-2-R) was administered to a sample which consisted of 1757 students to screen personality disorders. The number of people with single Cluster C personality disorders was as follow: OBC-36, AVD-31 and DEP-14, and 52 normal subjects were invited to finish the BCPQ (Bedtime Counterfactual Processing Questionnaire) and experiment. The experiment design was 3 (groups: OBC, AVD and H) × 2 (counterfactual thinking conditions: yes and no) completely random design of two factors, and the dependent variables were meaning perceptions, fate perceptions and benefit-finding of turning points. Results: 1) Compared to normal students, Cluster C personality disorders showed high scores on bedtime counterfactual process, and the highest one was AVD, followed by OBC and DEP. There was association between spontaneous counterfactual thinking and the subjects’ groups. The proportion of dependent personality disorder with spontaneous counterfactual thinking was up to 100%, higher than other groups. 2) The results of the difference test showed that in the counterfactual thinking condition, the OBC group and the AVD group scored higher on the meaning perceptions of turning points than the control group. The difference test results showed that the OBC group and the AVD group had lower scores for benefit-finding of turning points than the control group. Conclusion: 1) The characteristics of counterfactual thinking of cluster C personality disorders were different. The anxious/avoidant personality disorder group and the compulsive per-sonality disorder group had prominent bedtime counterfactual process, and the dependent per-sonality disorder was more likely to have spontaneous counterfactual thinking. 2) In the counterfactual thinking, compulsive personality disorder group and anxious/avoidant personality disorder group compared to normal students had higher levels of meaning perceptions of turning points. Compulsive personality disorder group and anxious/avoidant personality disorder group tend to produce benefit-finding of turning points harder than normal students.