煤炭开采对水资源的影响方式及对策

The Influence Mode and Countermeasure of Coal Mining on Water Resources

摘要: 煤炭数十年内仍将在中国能源结构中占有重要地位。煤炭开采过程中，会消耗水资源、破坏水资源；煤矿塌陷对地表水径流及地表环境也有严重影响；煤炭排水等因素也会污染水资源。煤炭生产对水资源的影响在不同区域和煤炭开采的不同阶段有不同特点和后果。减轻煤炭生产对水资源破坏和影响的方法有：实施保水开采方法，加强节水措施，实施矿井水资源化。该方面的发展方向为：1) 综合评价矿区水资源承载能力；2) 分类做好水资源化方案；3) 研究更宜行的保水开采方案；4) 建立井下净化、储存、回用系统；5) 厉行节水开采。

Abstract: Coal resources have an important place in the energy structure of China in the coming decades. Water resources are consumed and polluted during the mining process. On the other hand, mining subsidence also exerts serious influences on surface runoff and environment, and water extracted from the coal mine could pollute water resources. The influences of coal productions on water re-sources vary across different regions, having different characteristics and consequences in different stages of coal mining. The methods that could mitigate the negative influences of coal production on water resources are: implementing water-preserved-mining method, enhancing water saving measures and recycling of mine water. Goals of these methods in the future include several aspects: 1) Comprehensively evaluating the carrying capacity of water resources in a mining area; 2) Conducting a detailed program for recycling of water resources; 3) Developing suitable and viable water-preserved mining method; 4) Establishing a system in a coal mine for water purification, storage and recycle; 5) Practising water saving measures strictly implemented during the mining process.