天津城市气候趋势和变化特征的研究1961~2017

Urban Climate Trends and Changing Trend in the Tianjin 1961-2017

摘要: 通过分析天津近60年的温度、降水、风速、辐射、能见度、相对湿度、雾等变化特征，揭示北方沿海城市气候特征和变化趋势，分析其中规律和产生原因。结果表明：天津地区存在两个热岛中心，市区热岛强度在0.78℃~1.12℃之间，塘沽在0.18℃~0.90℃之间。以市区为中心，天津干岛、浑浊岛、雨岛效应明显，天津市区相对湿度低于近郊4%~5%，且呈每10年2%的下降趋势，城市能见度与近郊相差2 km，但近些年随着城市空气质量改善和城市化外延，城郊能见度差异较少。而随着城市建筑的增加，天津市区风速呈逐年减少趋势，从20世纪60年代到近20年下降44%。

Abstract: Conventional meteorological date in Tianjin from 1961 to 2017 was analyzed. The climatic characteristics and changing trend of northern coastal cities were revealed, also the regularity and causes. The results indicate that there were two centers of urban heat island in Tianjin, one was city, the other was tanggu, which were 0.78˚C - 1.12˚C and 0.18˚C - 0.90˚C, respectively. Taking the urban area as the center, the dry island, muddy island, and rain island effect were obvious, the relative humidity decreased year by year with trend of 2%/10a, and the average value in the urban area was 4% - 5% lower than that in the rural area, the visibility difference between the urban and rural was about 2 km. But in recent years, with the improvement of urban air quality and urbanization extension, the visibility difference between urban and rural was smaller. With the increasing of urban buildings, the trend of wind speed in urban area was decreasing year by year of 44% decline from 1960s to the last 20 years.