有吸烟经历的男大学生成人依恋对抑郁情绪的影响——社会支持的中介作用

The Effect of Adult Attachment on Depression in Male College Students with Smoking Experience—The Mediating Role of Social Support

摘要: 目的：本文以有吸烟经历的男大学生为研究对象，考察有吸烟经历的男性大学生成人依恋、社会支持和抑郁情绪间的关系，重点研究社会支持在成人依恋和抑郁情绪间的中介作用。方法通过随机抽样的方法在山东理工职业学校和济宁医学院选取了有效被试258名男大学生，对被试施测亲密关系经历量表(ECR)、社会支持评定量表(SSRS)和抑郁问卷(SDS)，用来探讨有吸烟经历的男大学生成人依恋、社会支持与抑郁之间的相互关系。结果：1) 在有吸烟经历的男性大学生成人依恋的两个维度中，依恋焦虑的得分高于依恋回避，在有吸烟经历的男性大学生的成人依恋类型中，恐惧型为58.14%，占比例最大；2) 本研究发现，在是否为独生子女的资料中，独生子女和非独生子女在依恋回避(t = −0.36, P > 0.05)和在依恋焦虑维度(t = −0.255, P > 0.05)不存在显著差异。在生源地资料中，城镇和农村的有吸烟经历的男性大学生在依恋回避纬度(t = 0.451, P > 0.05)和依恋焦虑维度(t = 0.279, P > 0.05)上不存在显著差异。3) 有吸烟经历的男大学生在依恋回避维度与社会支持总分方面存在显著的负相关(r = −0.29, P < 0.05)；依恋焦虑维度与社会支持存在相关，不具有统计学意义(r = −0.08, P > 0.05)；依恋焦虑与抑郁存在显著正相关(r = 0.17, P < 0.05)；依恋回避与抑郁存在显著正相关(r = 0.06, P < 0.05)，社会支持与抑郁之间存在显著负相关(r = −0.28, P < 0.05)。4) 社会支持可以在依恋回避维度和抑郁情绪之间起部分中介作用，社会支持中一个因子对支持的利用度在成人焦虑维度和抑郁情绪之间起部分中介作用。结论：1) 有吸烟经历的男性大学生成人依恋的两个维度中，依恋焦虑的得分高于依恋回避。有吸烟经历的男性大学生其成人依恋类型比例不均匀。2) 在是否为独生子女资料和生源地资料及不同程度的吸烟经历上，成人依恋不存在显著差异；不同年级的学生在成人依恋上差异显著。3) 社会支持可以在依恋回避维度和抑郁情绪之间起部分中介作用，其中主观支持对支持的利用度在依恋回避和抑郁情绪之间起部分中介作用，社会支持中一个因子对支持的利用度在成人焦虑维度和抑郁情绪之间起部分中介作用。

Abstract: Objective: To study the relationship between adult attachment, social support and depression in male college students with smoking experience, and to study the mediating role of social support in adult attachment and depression. Methods: A total of 258 male college students were selected from Shandong Polytechnic and Jining Medical College by means of cluster sampling. The ECR, SSRS and Depression Inventory (SDS) are applied to explore the relationship between adult attachment, social support and depression in male college students with smoking experience. Results: 1) in the two dimensions of adult attachment of male college students with smoking experience, the score of attachment anxiety was higher than that of attachment avoidance. In the adult attachment type of male college students with smoking experience, the fear type was 58.14%, accounting for the largest proportion; 2) This study found that there was no significant difference between only child and non only child in attachment avoidance (t = −0.36, P > 0.05) and attachment anxiety (t = −0.255, P > 0.05). There was no significant difference in attachment avoidance dimension (t = 0.451, P > 0.05) and attachment anxiety dimension (t = 0.279, P > 0.05) between urban and rural male college students with smoking experience; 3) there was a significant negative correlation between attachment avoidance and total score of social support (r = −0.29, P < 0.05); attachment anxiety and social support were correlated, but not statistically significant (r = −0.08, P > 0.05); attachment anxiety and depression were positively correlated (r = 0.17, P < 0.05); attachment avoidance and depression were positively correlated (r = 0.06, P < 0.05) There was a significant negative correlation be-tween support and depression (r = −0.28, P < 0.05); 4) social support can play a part of mediating role between attachment avoidance dimension and depression, and a factor of social support can play a part of mediating role between adult anxiety dimension and depression. Conclusion: 1) In the two dimensions of male college students’ attachment to smoking, the score of attachment anxiety is higher than that of attachment avoidance. Male college students who have experienced smoking have an uneven proportion of adult attachment types. 2) There is no significant difference in adult attachment between the data of the only child and the data of the source and the degree of smoking. 3) Social support can be used in the attachment avoidance dimension and depression plays a mediating role between social anxiety and depression in one of the factors that support the use of social support.