增强自闭症儿童社交能力的玩具设计研究

Research on Design of Toys to Enhance Autistic Children’s Social Skills

摘要: 社交能力的培养是自闭症儿童成长过程中需要特别关注的问题。以游戏治疗自闭症儿童社交障碍的理论为基础，提出增强自闭症儿童社交能力的玩具设计理论，在此基础上设计的玩具可以帮助自闭症儿童进行社交训练，从而增强自闭症儿童的社交能力。通过对自闭症儿童社交障碍的原因及其精神和情感需求的分析，探索增强自闭症儿童社交能力玩具设计时要考虑的要素。提出具有安全性、针对性、实用性、功能性及多元化的自闭症儿童玩具设计方法。基于此方法，通过对玩具质地、色彩、结构及功能的改善，来达到辅助提升自闭症儿童社交能力的目的，使其正常生活，健康成长，回归主流社会。

Abstract: The development of social skills has been a special focus on autistic children’s growth. Based on the play therapy theory on the impaired social interaction in autistic children, a toy design theory to enhance autistic children’s social skills is proposed and based on which the produced toys can help autistic children to train for social skills, and the autistic children’s social skills have been improved. By analyzing the causes of the impaired social interaction in autistic children and their spiritual and emotional needs, we discuss the key points to enhance autistic children’s social skills when designing toys for autistic children. A safe, pertinent, practical, functional, and diversified design method for autistic children’s toys is proposed. Based on this method, the improvement of toy texture, color, structure, and function can help to improve the sociability of autistic children, so that they can live in normal life, grow healthily, and return to mainstream society.