上游垄断与我国出口企业加成

Upstream Monopoly and the Markup of Chinese Export Firms

摘要: 企业加成度量了企业的贸易利得与市场势力，是国际贸易的研究热点。近年来，随着新新贸易理论的发展和我国产业结构面临转型升级的现实问题，如何提高出口企业成本加成具有重要的理论意义与现实意义，亟需思考。本文从上游视角和微观企业层面出发，利用2001~2007年中国工业企业和海关数据匹配样本进行实证分析，研究发现：第一：上游垄断显著提高了我国出口企业成本加成；第二：由于企业的所有制形式和出口状态的不同，上游垄断造成的影响具有差异性；第三：产品质量是上游垄断影响出口企业加成的中间作用机制。最后，笔者提出了有关政策建议。

Abstract: The markup measures the enterprise’s trade gains and market power, and is a research hotspot in international trade. With the development of the new international trade theory and because the industry is in urgent need of export structure upgrading and transformation in recent years, im-proving firm’s markup has important theoretical value as well as practical significance. From the upstream perspective and the micro-enterprise level, this article collates and matches the two micro databases of the China Industrial Enterprises Database and the Customs Database from 2001 to 2007 year. The study found that: First, upstream monopoly has significantly promoted the markup. Second, the impact of upstream monopoly on the bonus of downstream export enterprises will be different due to the different ownership forms and export heterogeneity of enterprises. Third, upstream monopoly mainly increases the markup of export enterprises in China through the mechanism of product quality. Finally, the author puts forward relevant policy suggestions.