全球价值链框架下中国贸易结构的变化与特征

Changes and Characteristics of China Trade Structure under the Global Value Chain Framework

摘要: 本文基于OECD的TiVA数据库和中国商务部发布的“全球价值链与中国贸易增加值核算研究报告”数据，对中国加入WTO以来的贸易结构变化和特征进行了分析。研究结果表明，中国的出口结构已经从原来的以劳动密集型行业为主的单一出口竞争优势结构转型为以劳动密集型和技术、资本密集型行业相结合的多元出口竞争优势结构，其出口行业竞争力不仅来自于国内的廉价劳动力成本，也在相当程度上依赖于含有高增加值的进口中间品。此外不容乐观的是，在中国总出口增加值中占比最大的电器及光学设备行业，其国内增加值率远低于美国、日本等发达国家，仍处于全球价值链的低端环节。

Abstract: This study analyzed the changes and characteristics of China trade structure since its accession to the WTO based on the OECD-TiVA data and the data released by the Ministry of Commerce of China. The results showed that China export structure transferred from a single export competitive ad-vantage structure dominated by labor-intensive industries to a diversified export competitive ad-vantage structure combining labor-intensive, technological and capital-intensive industries. The competitiveness of China’s recent export industries not only came from the domestic cheap labor cost, but also depended on intermediates with high value added. However, as to the electrical and optical equipment industry, which accounted for China’s largest exports proportion of value added, its value added rate was much lower than developed countries such as the United States and Japan, and still at the low-level of the global value chain.