以苯环为母体的耐热炸药的研究进展
Progress in Heat-Resistant Explosives with Benzene Ring as Matrix
DOI: 10.12677/CC.2020.44004, PDF,   
作者: 张梦娇, 邹芳芳：武汉工程大学化工与制药学院，湖北 武汉；张行程*：信阳师范学院化学化工学院，河南 信阳；胡文祥*：武汉工程大学化工与制药学院，湖北 武汉；北京神剑天军医学科学院京东祥鹄微波化学联合实验室，北京；中国人民解放军战略支援部队航天系统部，北京
关键词: 耐热炸药；热稳定性；爆轰性能；苯环；Heat-Resistant Explosive； Thermal Stability； Detonation Performance； Benzene
摘要: 本文详细介绍了常用单质耐热炸药三氨基三硝基苯(TATB)、2,2',4,4',6,6'-六硝基芪(HNS)，2,6-双(苦氨基)-3,5-二硝基吡啶(PYX)等的性能、合成工艺和优缺点。分三大类介绍了近5年来以苯环为母体的高温耐热炸药的研究进展，列举了具有良好应用前景的高温耐热炸药，如5,5'-二(2,4,6-三硝基苯基)-2,2'-二(1,3,4-恶二唑)(TKX-55)、2-氟-1,3,5-三氨基-4,6-二硝基苯(ZXC-8)、PYX的羟胺盐等。最后阐述了耐热炸药的研究现状。
Abstract: The performance, synthesis process, advantages and disadvantages of commonly used elemental heat-resistant explosives 1,3,5-triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobeneze (TATB), 2,2',4,4',6,6'-hexanitrostilbene (HNS), 2,6-hexanitrodiphenyl-amine-3,5-dinitropyridine (PYX) are introduced in detail. Three major categories were divided to introduce the research progress of high-temperature and heat-resistant explosives with benzene ring as the matrix in the past five years. High-temperature heat-resistant explosives with good application prospects are listed, such as 5,5'-bis(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl)-2,2'- bi(1,3,4-oxadiazole)(TKX-55), 2-Fluoro-1,3,5-triamino-4,6-dinitrobenzene(ZXC-8), PYX hydroxylamine salts, etc. Finally, the research status of heat-resistant explosives is expounded.
文章引用：张梦娇, 邹芳芳, 张行程, 胡文祥. 以苯环为母体的耐热炸药的研究进展[J]. 比较化学, 2020, 4(4): 27-34. https://doi.org/10.12677/CC.2020.44004

参考文献

[1] 吕春绪. 耐热硝基芳烃化学[M]. 北京: 兵器工业出版社, 2000.
[2] Wilbrand, J. (1863) Notiz über Trinitrotoluol. European Journal of Organic Chemistry, 128, 178-179.
[Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[3] Klapӧtke, T.M., Preimesser, A. and Stierstorfer, J. (2015) Synthesis and Energetic Properties of 4-Diazo-2,6-Dinitrophenol and 6-Diazo-3-Hydroxy-2,4-Dinitrophenol. European Journal of Organic Chemistry, 2015, 4311-4315.
[Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[4] 周杰文, 张创军, 王友兵, 等. 耐热炸药的现状及研究进展[J]. 兵器装备工程学报, 2016, 37(3): 111-115.
[5] 尉志华, 王建龙, 刁莹, 等. 单质耐热炸药的研究概况[J]. 当代化工研究, 2011, 8(5):14-16.
[6] 陈智群, 郑小龙, 刘子如, 等. TATB、DATB热分解动力学和机理研究[J]. 固体火箭技术, 2005, 28(3): 201-204.
[7] 陆增, 易景缎, 邱甬生. 降低TATB含氯量的研究[J]. 火炸药学报, 1996(4): 10-12.
[8] Mieczyslaw, M. and Jerzy, W. (1987) Vicarious Nucleophilic Substitution of Hydrogen. Accounts of Chemical Research, 20, 282-289.
[Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[9] 王友兵, 王伯周, 叶志虎. VNS法合成TATB [J]. 含能材料, 2011,19(2): 142-146.
[10] Michael, D.C. and Jannie, L.S. (1972) Picrylamino-Substituted Heterocycles. V. Pyridines. Journal of Heterocyclic Chemistry, 9, 1039-1044.
[Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[11] Pallanck, R.G. (1986) PYX Purification Technique. US Patent No. 4564405.
[12] Nielsen, A.T., Norris, W.P., Atkins, R.L., et al. (1983) Nitrocarbons. 3. Synthesis of Decanitrobiphenyl. The Journal of Organic Chemistry, 48, 1056-1059.
[Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[13] Liu, H., Wang, F., Wang, G.X., et al. (2012) Theoretical Investigations on Structure, Density, Detonation Properties, and Sensitivity of the Derivatives of PYX. Journal of Computational Chemistry, 33, 1790-1796.
[Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[14] 惠君明. 六硝基茋炸药及其应用[J]. 爆破器材, 1990(4): 9-11.
[15] Shipp, K.G. (1964) Reactions of α-Substituted Polynitrotoluenes. I. Synthesis of 2,2',4,4',6,6'-Hexanitrostilbene. The Journal of Organic Chemistry, 29, 2620-2623.
[Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[16] Gilbert, E.E. and Morristown, N.J. Preparanion of Hexanitrostilene. US Patent No. 4221745.
[17] 陆明, 吕春绪, 惠君明. 提高六硝基茋得率的研究[J]. 含能材料, 1998, 6(2): 71-78.
[18] Zhang, X.C., Zhang, Z., Ma, J.C., et al. (2018) 2-Fluoro-1,3-Diamino-4,6-Dinitrobenzene (ZXC-7) and 2-Fluoro-1,3,5- Triamino-4,6-Dinitrobenzene (ZXC-8): Thermally Stable Explosives with Outstanding Properties. Chempluschem, 84, 119-122.
[Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[19] Klapötke, T.M. and Witkowski, T.G. (2016) 5,5'-Bis(2,4,6-Trinitrophenyl)-2,2'-Bi(1,3,4-Oxadiazole) (TKX-55): Therm-Ally Stable Explosive with Outstanding Properties. ChemPlusChem, 81, 357-360.
[Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[20] Zhang, X.C., Xiong, H.L., Yang, H.W. and Cheng, G.B. (2017) Synthesis and Characterization of New Calixarenes Containing Explosives with High Temperature Stabilities. Propellants Explosives Pyrotechnics, 42, 942-946.
[Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[21] 张行程, 邹芳芳, 高畅, 等. 耐热炸药ZXC-20的合成与性能[J]. 含能材料, 2020, 28(3): 198-202.
[22] Klapӧtke, T.M., Stierstorfer, J., Weyrauther, M. and Witkowski, T.G. (2016) Synthesis and Investigation of 2,6- Bis(picrylamino)-3,5-Dinitro-Pyridine (PYX) and Its Salts. Chemistry—A European Journal, 22, 8619-8626.
[Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[23] 胡文祥. 炸药的化学结构与耐冲击性能的关系[J]. 防化学报, 1994, 6(3): 12.
[24] 刘明, 胡文祥. 爆炸性物质的测量测定技术方法[J]. 有机化学研究, 2015, 3(1): 77-83.
[25] Zhang, X.C., et al. (2020) Synthesis and Investigation of 2,4,6-Trinitropyridin-3-ol and Its Salts. Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics. (in press)