音乐相关训练经历对老年人视觉工作记忆的影响

Effects of Music Related Training Experience on Visual Working Memory of the Elderly

摘要: 考察有社区老年大学合唱，舞蹈训练经历是否对老年人的工作记忆能力有积极影响。研究以年轻人为对照组，采用N-back实验范式考察有无音乐相关训练经历的年轻人和老年人的工作记忆能力特点。结果发现，被试在高难度条件下(2-back)的反应速度和准确率显著差于低难度条件(1-back)；在两种任务难度条件下，老年人的反应速度和准确率均显著差于年轻人；有音乐相关训练经历的老年人工作记忆正确率显著高于无音乐相关训练经历老年人。说明，年龄增长会导致工作记忆能力衰退，但是音乐相关训练经历在一定程度上可以延缓年龄增长带来的工作记忆能力衰退，但这种影响仅体现在准确率上。

Abstract: The present study aimed to investigate whether the chorus and dance training experience acquired in community’s senior college has a positive impact on the working memory ability of the elderly. N-back paradigm was adopted to investigate the character of the working memory of the elderly with or without music related training experience compared to their young counterparts. The results showed that the performance in reaction speed and accuracy rate of all subjects were significantly worse on the 2-back task than that on the 1-back task. Under the two task difficulty conditions, the elderly performed significantly worse in reaction speed and accuracy rate than that of their young counterparts. The working memory accuracy rate of the elderly with music related training experience was significantly higher than that of the elderly without such experience. The results showed that aging could lead to the decline of working memory ability, but music related training experience could slow down the decline of working memory ability caused by aging to a certain extent, but this effect is only reflected in the accuracy.