青衣江流域雅安段水质时空分布特征研究

Spatiotemporal Distribution Characteristics of Water Quality in Ya’an Section of Qingyi River Basin

摘要: 本文结合青衣江流域雅安段2019年7个断面水质监测数据，运用基于SPSS20的主成分分析法和Origin2018实现了青衣江雅安段水质时空分布特征的可视化分析，选取DO、COD_Mn、COD_Cr、BOD₅、NH₃-N、TN、TP为水质评价指标，运用综合水质标识指数法对水质进行分水期评价。结果表明：青衣江流域雅安段TN指标超标严重，全年多月属于地表水IV~V类；水质的时空分布差异显著，结合研究区水文气象和地理位置的特点，从时间分布看各断面丰水期水质优于平水期和枯水期，从空间分布看青衣江雅安段的支流濆江、陇西河和周公河监测断面水质最差，以连续性氮磷污染为主，其余断面水质能达到地表水III类标准。

Abstract: This paper combines the water quality monitoring data of 7 sections in the Ya’an section of the Qingyi River basin in 2019, and uses the principal component analysis method based on SPSS20 and Origin2018 to realize the visual analysis of the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of the water quality. The DO, COD_Mn, COD_Cr, BOD₅, NH₃-N, TN, and TP are selected as water quality evaluation indicators, and the comprehensive water quality labeling index method is used to evaluate water quality in different periods. The results show that the TN index has exceeded the standard severely, and it belongs to surface water category IV - V for many months throughout the year. The temporal and spatial distribution of water quality is significantly different. Combined with the characteristics of hydrology and meteorology and geo-graphical location in the study area, the time distribution shows that each section is abundant. The water quality in the water period is better than the normal water period and the dry period. From the spatial distribution, the water quality of the Fenjiang, Longxi and Zhougong river tributaries is the worst. The water quality is mainly continuous nitrogen and phosphorus pollution. The water quality of the remaining sections can reach surface water III Class standards.