济南市某幼儿园学龄前儿童的营养调查分析与食谱设计

Analysis of Nutrition Survey and Recipe Design for Preschool Children in Jinan

摘要: 目前，虽然城市居民的生活水平不断提高，但学龄前儿童营养不良、超重、肥胖，仍然是阻碍儿童健康生长的主要问题，应引起足够的重视。本文以济南市区某幼儿园学龄前儿童为研究对象调查幼儿的营养结构及饮食行为，排除遗传因素等非营养因素后，根据BMI值筛选出消瘦、超重以及肥胖的儿童，选取同数量的正常儿童作为每组的对照组。收集并评价该园食谱，并与分别中国营养学会推荐的3~5岁各年龄的儿童膳食营养素推荐摄入量比较，评价其食谱合理性；同时用24小时记录法和称重法记录消瘦组、超重组、肥胖组和对照组的七日带量饮食，并分析其营养结构；向各组发放调查问卷调查其饮食行为，通过SPSS 26.0的单因素Logistic回归分析和多因素Logistic回归分析，确定超重肥胖的危险因素。针对不同健康类群儿童设计科学的食谱，合理调控幼儿饮食行为，为广大家长及幼儿园提出营养建议，并为学龄前儿童的食谱设计提供参考。

Abstract: At present, despite the continuous improvement of the living standards of urban residents, malnutrition, overweight, and obesity of preschool children are still the main problems that hinder the healthy growth of children and should be given sufficient attention. This article uses preschool children in a kindergarten in Jinan city as the research object to investigate the nutritional structure and eating behavior of young children. After excluding non-nutritional factors such as genetic factors, the children with weight loss, overweight and obesity are selected according to BMI values, and the same number of normal children is selected. We collect and evaluate the diet of the garden, and compare it with the recommended dietary nutrient intake recommended by the Chinese Nutrition Society for children of all ages of 3 to 5 years to evaluate the rationality of the diet; meanwhile, the weight loss group was recorded by the 24-hour recording method and weighing method. The overweight, obesity group and the control group took a diet for seven days, and analyzed its nutritional structure, distributed questionnaires to each group to investigate their eating behavior, and determined through SPSS 26.0 single-factor Logistic regression analysis and multi-factor Logistic regression analysis Risk factors for overweight and obesity. Design scientific recipes for children of different healthy groups, reasonably regulate the eating behaviors of young children, provide nutrition suggestions for parents and kindergartens, and provide a reference for the recipe design of preschool children.