认知农业物联网实施架构设计

Implementation Architecture Design of Cognitive Agricultural Internet of Things

摘要: 随着农业现代化的普及，农业物联网网络规模迅速扩大，业务不断扩展，节点数量急剧增加，传统的无线通信技术和固定的频谱分配策略已经无法满足大量农业数据的实时传输，频谱紧缺问题成为制约农业物联网发展的瓶颈问题。认知无线电的出现为解决农业物联网中频谱紧缺的问题提供了有效的解决途径。它可以在不影响主用户正常通信的情况下，实现动态频谱管理，充分利用主用户暂时不使用的空闲频段，从而有效地提高频谱利用率，解决频谱紧缺的问题。本文首先阐述了农业物联网的概念，然后介绍了农业物联网中主要的无线通信技术，分析了农业物联网中的频谱紧缺问题，最后构建了认知农业物联网，提出两种认知农业物联网的具体实施构架。本文研究对农业物联网的迅速发展以及用户服务质量的提升具有重要意义。

Abstract: With the popularization of agricultural modernization, the network scale of agricultural Internet of Things is expanding rapidly, the services are expanding continuously, and the number of nodes is increasing rapidly. The traditional wireless communication technology and fixed frequency allocation strategy have been unable to meet the real-time transmission of a huge number of agricultural data. The lack of spectrum has become a bottleneck problem which restricts the development of agricultural Internet of Things. The emergence of cognitive radio provides an effective way to address the issue of lack of spectrum in agricultural Internet of Things. It can achieve dynamic spectrum management without interfering the normal communication of primary users, and takes full advantage of the idle spectrum temporarily which is not used by primary users, so as to effectively improve the spectrum utilization and solve the problem of spectrum shortage. In this paper, we first describe the concept of agricultural Internet of Things. Then, we introduce the major wireless communication technology in agricultural Internet of Things, and analyze the problem of spectrum shortage in agricultural Internet of Things. Finally, we construct cognitive agricultural Internet of Things, and propose two specific implementation frameworks of cognitive agricultural Internet of Things. The research in this paper is of great significance to the rapid development of agricultural Internet of Things and the improvement of user service quality.