中国背景下的老年人主观幸福感影响因素的元分析

A Meta-Analysis of the Influencing Factors of the Subjective Well-Being of the Elderly in China

摘要: 目的：分析我国老年人主观幸福感的影响因素。方法：在国内各大数据库，搜集老年人主观幸福感影响因素的文献，按照相应标准逐一纳入和剔除，共纳入173篇文献，76,216名被试，使用CMA3.0软件进行元分析。结果：老年人主观幸福感影响因素的效应值从大到小分别为精神寄托(r = 0.136)、身体机能(r = 0.129)、社会关系(r = 0.082)；具体而言，老年人主观幸福感与身体状况、婚姻状况、社会支持、兴趣爱好、性别(1 = 女，2 = 男)、医疗保障、经济来源达到显著正相关，与居住情况(1 = 合居，2 = 独居)、居住地(1 = 城市，2 = 农村)达到显著负相关。结论：精神寄托、身体机能和社会关系对老年人的主观幸福感有较好的预测力。

Abstract: Objective: To analyze the influencing factors of the subjective well-being of the elderly in China. Methods: We collected the literature, included 173 studies and 76,216 subjects, on the influencing factors of elderly subjective well-being in the domestic major databases and used the method of meta-analysis by CMA 3.0 software. Results: The effect size of the factors influencing the subjective well-being of the elderly was as follows: spiritual support (r = 0.136), physical function (r = 0.129), social relations (r = 0.082). In particular, the subjective well-being of the elderly was correlated positively with physical status, marital status, social support, gender, medical security, economic sources, and correlated negatively with living conditions, hobbies, and residence. Conclusion: Spiritual support, physical function and social relations can predict strongly on the subjective well-being of the elderly.