张家界国家森林公园猕猴行为时间分配、利手性及人猴关系的初步研究

Behavioral Time Allocation, Handedness and Human-Monkey Relationship of Macaca mulatta in Zhangjiajie National Forest Park

摘要: 观猴，作为张家界国家森林公园景区内的特色旅游项目，招揽着越来越多的游客前去观览，人猴关系引起了更多的重视。2020年8月，我们采用行为摄像法对景区内猕猴(Macaca mulatta)的行为及人猴关系进行了初步观察与研究，主要结果如下：1) 在观察期内，猕猴主要将时间用于移动(34.82%)和摄食(29.84%)，但不同性别–年龄组的猕猴行为时间分配存在明显差异，成年雌猴用于理毛的时间明显多于成年雄猴，青年猴和婴幼猴用于玩耍的时间明显多于成年猴；2) 无论是在群体水平还是不同性别–年龄组的个体水平上，虽然没有显著的利手现象，但都偏向于右利手，且存在偏好强度上的差异，即婴幼组 >成年雌性组 > 成年雄性组 > 青年组，而且每次使用双手的平均持续时长远大于每次使用左手或右手的平均时长；3) 在人猴关系上，我们建议：对导游和景区管理人员加强有关猕猴行为习性等方面的专业培训和考核，要求导游在日常工作中主动地将相关的知识教给游客，同时在景区内通过标牌、告示和广播等方式进行广泛的宣教，引导游客正确观猴，避免挑逗、驱赶、射打和随意投食等不良行为；景区内应科学设定游客可投食的地点与时间段，并定期或不定期地清理游道附近树上的枯枝，以免发生树枝砸人的意外事件。特别倡议，景区要把对猴群的科学管理纳入区域生态文明建设范畴，以促进生态旅游业的可持续发展。

Abstract: Monkey watching, as a special tour-item in the scenic area of Zhangjiajie National Forest Park, is attracting increasing tourists. The human-monkey relationship has raised more concerns. In August 2020, we made a preliminary investigation into the behavior and human-monkey relationship of Macaca mulatta in the area by mean of Behavior Camera, and the main results were as follows: 1) During the observation period, the Rhesus monkeys spent most on locomotion (34.82%) and feeding (29.84%). However, there were significant differences in the time allocated to various behaviors among the sex-age groups, and the time spent in grooming by adult females was signifi-cantly longer than that did by adult males, while young monkeys and infants did more time in playing than adults. 2) These monkeys had no significant handedness at the population level or at the individual level of different sex-age groups, but all these groups slightly tended to be right-handedness, and there were some differences in the intensity of preference, and the average duration of each use of both hands was significantly longer than that of each use of the left or right hand. As for the human-monkey relationship, we suggested that the professional training and evaluation for tour guides and management personnels of scenic spots should be strengthened about the behavior and habits of Rhesus monkey, and they should take more initiative to teach tourists relevant knowledge in their regular work. Meanwhile, in case of misconducts, the Park should also guide correctly tourists for monkey watching by warning-signs, broadcasting and other ways. The specific time-and-sites that tourists can feed monkeys should be set. The dead branches on the trees along tourism-lines should regularly or irregularly be cleaned up to avoid hurting tourists unexpectedly. Finally, we proposed that the scientific conservation for monkeys should be brought into the category of regional eco-civilization construction to promote the sustainable development of eco-tourism.