钽钨合金药型罩的热处理工艺研究

Heat Treatment Process of Ta-W Alloy Shaped Charge Liner

摘要: 本文以钽钨合金为研究对象，采用工艺流程(粉末冶金–电子束熔炼–热锻开坯–真空热处理–模锻–真空热处理–精加工)成功制备出了钽钨合金EFP药型罩。对模锻前的棒料和模锻后的药型罩进行了不同温度下真空退火热处理工艺研究，结合金相组织观察和硬度测试，得到这种材料的最佳热处理工艺参数。研究结果表明锻造前棒料毛坯和锻造后药型罩的再结晶退火工艺参数分别为1150℃ × 1 h和1320℃ × 1 h。采用该热处理工艺制得的钽钨合金药型罩具有较高的力学性能，其微观组织呈细小的等轴晶且周向与心部晶粒尺寸相差较小。侵彻试验表明钽钨合金EFP药型罩可形成形态好、飞行稳定，速度降小的球形弹丸，具有较高的侵彻性能。

Abstract: The Ta-W refratory alloy was used as the research subject. The Ta-W EFP shaped charge liners were successfully prepared by the technological process (powder metallurgy - electron beam melting - hot forging - vacuum heat treatment - die forging - vacuum heat treatment - finishing). The effect of vacuum heat treatment temperature on the mechanical properties and microstructure was studied for the bar before die forging and the liner after die forging. The optimized heat treatment parameters were obtained by microstructure observation and hardness test. The results show that the prepared shaped charge liners have higher mechanical properties with fine equiaxed grains and exhibit small difference of grain size between circumferential and central region. The target penetration test shows that the Ta-W EFP liner can form spherical projectile with good shape, stable flight and low velocity drop, which has high penetration performance.