肢体残疾人的应对方式和坚毅在婚姻质量和适应性间的中介效应

The Relationship between Marriage Quality and Adaptability in Physically Disabled Persons: The Mediating Role of Coping Style and Grit

摘要: 目的：了解肢体残疾人适应性、应对方式和坚毅特质、婚姻质量之间的相互关系，探索应对方式和坚毅人格特质在婚姻质量和适应性间的中介效应。方法：方便采样，对广东省广州市、深圳市、东莞市社区、残疾人康复中心、残疾人企业1570名肢体残疾人进行问卷施测(残疾人适应性量表、中国人婚姻质量量表、应对方式问卷和坚毅量表)。结果：① 婚姻质量与适应的相关分析：肢体残疾人婚姻质量量表总分及各维度得分与适应量表总分及各维度得分之间呈现显著正相关(r = 0.431~0.866) (p < 0.01)，婚姻质量量表的夫妻交流、化解冲突、家庭角色维度与适应量表的人际适应维度相关程度较高(r = 0.769~0.866) (p < 0.01)。② 适应与应对方式的相关分析：适应量表总分及各维度得分与积极应对方式呈显著正相关(r = 0.496~0.822) (p < 0.01)，其中环境适应与积极应对方式相关程度最高；适应量表总分及各维度得分与消极应对方式呈显著负相关(r = −0.474~−0.503) (p < 0.01)。③ 适应与坚毅的相关分析：适应量表总分及各维度得分与坚毅量表总分及其各维度得分呈显著正相关(r = 0.468~0.821) (p < 0.01)，其中坚毅量表的坚毅努力维度与适应量表的生活适应维度、环境适应维度的相关程度较高(r = 0.821, r = 0.790)。④ 婚姻质量与应对方式的相关分析：婚姻质量量表及各维度与应对方式问卷的积极应对方式维度呈显著正相关(r = 0.561~0.813) (p < 0.01)，而与消极应对方式呈显著负相关(r = −0.624~−0.823) (p < 0.01)。其中婚姻质量量表的夫妻交流、化解冲突维度与积极应对方式相关程度较高(r = 0.813, r = 0.795)；婚姻质量量表中的经济安排、亲友关系、家庭角色维度与消极应对方式相关程度较高(r = −0.769~−0.823)。⑤ 婚姻质量与坚毅的相关分析：婚姻质量总分及各维度得分与坚毅总分及各维度得分呈正相关(r = 0.469~0.813) (p < 0.01)，婚姻质量量表的家庭角色、生活观念维度与坚毅努力维度相关程度较高(r = 0.811, r = 0.801)；婚姻质量量表的性格相容、业余活动、情感与性维度与坚毅兴趣维度相关程度较高(r = 0.803~0.813)。⑥ 中介效应分析：积极应对方式、坚毅特质分别在婚姻质量和适应性之间起部分中介作用。坚毅特质中介效应占总效应的比例为45.32%，积极应对方式中介效应占总效应的比例为34.80%。结论：积极应对方式和坚毅特质对于肢体残疾人的适应性有显著影响，并在婚姻质量和适应性之间发挥部分中介作用。婚姻质量直接影响肢体残疾人的适应性，也通过坚毅特质、积极应对方式间接影响肢体残疾人的适应性。

Abstract: Objective: To understand the relationship among adaptability, coping style, grit and marriage quality of physically disabled people, and to explore the mediating effect of coping style and grit between marriage quality and adaptability. Methods: A total of 1570 physically disabled people in communities, rehabilitation centers for the disabled and enterprises for the disabled in Guangzhou, Shenzhen and Dongguan, Guangdong Province were investigated by questionnaires (Disability Adaptation Scale, Chinese Marriage Quality Scale, Coping Style Questionnaire and grit Scale). Results: ① Correlation analysis between marriage quality and adaptation: There was a significant positive correlation between the total score and all dimensions of marriage quality scale and the total score and all dimensions of adaptation scale (r = 0.431~0.866) (p < 0.01). The marital communication, conflict resolution and family role dimensions of marriage quality scale were highly correlated with interpersonal adaptation dimensions of adaptation scale (r = 0.769~0.866) (p < 0.01). ② Correlation analysis of coping style and adaptation: Positive coping style was positively correlated with the total score of adaptation scale and the scores of each dimension (r = 0.496~0.822) (p < 0.01). Among them, the positive coping style had the highest correlation with environmental adaptation; negative coping style was negatively correlated with the total score of adaptation scale and the scores of each dimension (r = −0.474~−0.503) (p < 0.01). ③ Correlation analysis of grit and adaptation: The total scores of grit scale and its various dimensions were positively correlated with the total score of adaptation scale and its various dimensions (r = 0.468~0.821) (p < 0.01), and the grit effort dimension of grit scale had a higher correlation with the life adaptation dimension and the environment adaptation dimension of the adaptation scale (r = 0.821, r = 0.790). ④ Correlation analysis between marriage quality and coping style: Marriage quality scale and its dimensions were positively correlated with positive coping style dimension of coping style questionnaire (r = 0.561~0.813) (p < 0.01), but negatively correlated with negative coping style (r = −0.624~−0.823) (p < 0.01). Among them, the dimensions of marital communication, conflict resolution in the marital quality scale were highly correlated with positive coping styles (r = 0.813, r = 0.795); the dimensions of economic arrangement, relationship between relatives and friends, family role in marriage quality scale were highly correlated with negative coping style (r = −0.769~−0.823). ⑤ Correlation analysis between marriage quality and grit: The total scores of marriage quality and each dimension were positively correlated with the total score of grit and each dimension (r = 0.469~0.813) (p < 0.01), and the family role, life concept dimension and grit effort dimension were highly correlated (r = 0.811, r = 0.801); the dimensions of personality compatibility, spare time, emotion and sex were highly correlated with the dimension of grit interest (r = 0.803~0.813). ⑥ Mediating effect analysis: Positive coping style and grit play a partial me-diating role between marriage quality and adaptability. The mediation effect of grit accounts for 45.32% of the total effect. The mediating effect of positive coping style accounted for 34.80% of the total effect. Conclusion: Coping style and grit have a significant impact on the adaptability of physically disabled people, and play a partial intermediary role between marriage quality and adaptability. Marriage quality directly affects the adaptability of physically disabled people, and indirectly affects the adaptability of physically disabled people through grit and positive coping style. Keywords