近50年东北地区极端温度事件时空演变特征

Spatiotemporal Evolution Characteristics of Extreme Temperature Events in Northeastern China in Recent 50 Years

摘要: 为进一步研究东北地区极端温度事件的时空演变特征，本文利用中国气象数据网下载的地面气候日值温度数据，通过对研究区数据资料进行连续性和可靠性检查，并对缺测数据进行插补，通过选取8个极端温度指数，利用线性趋势、Mann-Kendall检验、滑动t检验、小波分析和反距离加权插值方法对1971~2020年的极端温度事件进行了时空演变特征分析。结果表明：1) 近50年东北地区极端高温事件发生概率增加、极端低温事件发生概率降低；2) 8个极端气温指数中，仅有霜冻日数在1988年有突变发生；3) 8个极端温度指数显著的年际震荡特征在0~11年间，均存在1~2个主周期，大多数极端温度指数的主周期在13~14年间或18~19年间；4) 近50年东北地区的极端高温事件多发生在南部，极端低温事件多发生在北部，南部气温高于北部。

Abstract: To further study the spatial and temporal evolution characteristics of extreme temperature events in Northeastern China, this paper used the ground climate daily temperature data downloaded from the China Meteorological Data Network, and checked the continuity and reliability of the data information in the study area by interpolating the missing measurement data. Eight extreme tem-perature indices were selected to analyze in Northeastern China from 1971 to 2020. The spatio-temporal evolution characteristics of extreme temperature events were analyzed by using linear trend, Mann-Kendall test, sliding t test, wavelet analysis and inverse distance weighted interpola-tion in the last 50 years. The results showed that: 1) The probability of extreme high temperature events increased and the probability of extreme low temperature events decreased in Northeastern China in the past 50 years; 2) Among the eight extreme temperature indices, only the number of frost days had a sudden change in 1988; 3) The significant interannual oscillations of the eight ex-treme temperature indices were between 0 and 11 years, and there were 1~2 main cycles. The main periods of most extreme temperature indices were 13~14 years or 18~19 years; 4) Most of the extreme high temperature events occurred in the south, most of the extreme low temperature events occurred in the north, and the temperature in the south was higher than that in the north.