我国野生沙棘果实的主要风味物质含量分析

Analysis of Main Flavoring Substances’ Contents in Fruits of Main Wild Seabuckthorn Resources in China

摘要: 沙棘果实不仅是重要的工业原料，事实上也可鲜食，是重要的“第三代”水果之一。为了评定我国沙棘属植物野生种(亚种)果实主要风味物质含量水平，对西藏、新疆、青海、甘肃等地野生的中国沙棘(Hippophae rhamnoides. ssp. sinensis)、柳叶沙棘(H. salicifolia)、云南沙棘(H. r. ssp. yunnanensis)、蒙古沙棘(H. r. ssp. mongolica)、中亚沙棘(H. r. ssp. turkestanica)、江孜沙棘(H. gyantsensis)、肋果沙棘(H. Neurocarpa)、西藏沙棘(H. tibetana)共8个种(亚种)，取果实样品29个，用紫外分光光度计测定了果肉、籽和全果3个范畴的干基的总糖、总酸及3种有机酸、多酚等呈味物质含量，计算了糖酸比，发现沙棘种(亚种)干果肉糖酸比值在1以上的有肋果沙棘(6.49)、江孜沙棘(2.76)和蒙古沙棘(1.07)；1以下的有中亚沙棘(0.67)、中国沙棘(0.54)和柳叶沙棘(0.41)、西藏沙棘(0.20)和云南沙棘(0.07)。糖酸比大者，沙棘果实酸甜适中，风味较好，不过由于一些酚类物质的出现，造成了一些种(亚种)如中亚沙棘、江孜沙棘果实以苦涩味为主。考虑到我国沙棘人工种植情况，以鲜食为主要用途的沙棘林，在东北、新疆应主要种植蒙古沙棘；在黄土高原和冀北、辽西等地，应主要种植蒙中杂交沙棘，一些选育出的中国沙棘优良类型也可用于建立鲜食沙棘林，作为这些地区杂交沙棘的补充。

Abstract: The fruits of Seabuckthorn were not only industrial materials but in fact, edible fresh fruits as one of the so-called third-generation fruits. The fruits of 29 samples from 8 species and sub-species, namely, Hippophae rhamnoides. ssp. sinensis, H. salicifolia, H. r. ssp. yunnanensis, H. r. ssp. mongolica, H. r. ssp. turkestanica, H. gyantsensis, H. Neurocarpa, H. tibetana, were collected from natural resources locations in Tibet, Xinjiang, Qinghai, Gansu, to evaluate the favor compounds levels by the analysis for total sugars, acids, polyphenols, and other flavoring substances in dried pulps, seeds and total fruits with the ultraviolet spectrophotometer method, and the sugar acid ratio (SAR) were also calculated, which showed that the SAR was more than 1 for H. Neurocarpa (6.49), H. gyantsensis (2.76), and H. r. ssp. mongolica (1.07), and less than 1 for H. r. ssp. turkestanica (0.67), Hippophae rhamnoides. ssp. sinensis (0.54), H. salicifolia (0.41), H. tibetana (0.20), and H. r. ssp. yunnanensis (0.07). Seabuckthorn fruits with high SAR had good favor with moderate acid and sweet collocationas usual, but some phenols made the fruits of H. r. ssp. turkestanica, H. gyantsensis tasting in bitterness. In consideration of the artificial afforestation of Seabuckthorn in China, the suggestions of fresh fruits resources forests should be established with H. r. ssp. mongolica in the Northeastern China and Xinjiang region, and the hybrid clones from H. r. ssp. mongolica and Hippophae rhamnoides ssp. sinensis in the Loess Plateau, Northern Hebei, and Western Liaoning, and newly selected good types from Hippophae rhamnoides. ssp. sinensis can also be used for forestation as a supplement of the hybrids.