后人类视域下的人机共同体——论《神经漫游者》中的人机关系

Human-Machine Community in the Posthuman Era—On the Human-Machine Relationship in Neuromancer

摘要: 吉布森笔下的《神经漫游者》是一部赛博朋克科幻小说，机器的快速发展为人类同时带来福祉与挑战，这种矛盾关系是小说的一大主题。根植后人类视域，吉布森在《神经漫游者》中构想了近未来人机协作的共同体模式：在后人类时代，人机共同体以机械改造人赛博格和人机耦合团队聚合体两种独特形式存在。人机共同体内部，人与机器共享有机、交互、平等的互动关系。本文指出，吉布森虽然对后人类生存境遇的矛盾双方都施以笔墨，但通过构想人机共同体，其突出的是科技爆炸式发展之情境中对人性的回归，以及人类与机器走向协作式共同体的后人类愿景。

Abstract: Authored by William Gibson, Neuromancer is a work of Cyberpunk science fiction. The paradox of machine development, bringing both benefits and challenges to humanity, is an overriding theme of the novel. Rooted in a posthuman perspective, Gibson conceives of a near-future situation of human-machine collaboration. The human-machine community takes on two unique forms: cyborg and body-machine complex. An organic and equal interaction occurs between humans and machines within such a community. This article points out that Gibson pays attention to both benefits and challenges of machine development in the novel; however, by imagining a human-machine community, Gibson focuses more on the importance of humanity. This leads to a posthuman vision of humans and machines moving toward a collaborative community.